10
1. Placement Test
Tinambunan explains test which is given based on pupils’
competence.
11
In addition, he states that in style to decide at the beginning before the pupils enter the class
12
. Moreover, Gronlund states, “The goal of placement evaluation is to determine the position in the
instructional sequence and the mode of instruction that is most likely to benefit the pupil in the most.”
13
It describes the objective of the placement test is to know the style of the direction and the necessity of
the pupil most in study. From the definitions above, it implies that the kind of test is given
to the students before starting to study of a course, the students need to take the test in order to know how well their ability are. The result of the
test is used to place the students at appropriate level with their ability.
2. Diagnostic Test
According to Hugh es, “Diagnostic test is used to identify learner’s
strengths and weaknes s.”
14
It means the diagnostic test provides the information about plus and minus of the learners. While Gronlund states,
“The test is concerned with the persistence or recurring learning difficulties that are left unresolved by the standard corrective
presc ription of formative evaluation.”
15
In other word, he states that the diagnostic test focuses on the weakness on the learning which are
measured by the standard evaluation. From the definition above, the writer synthesized that by using this
kind of test, the teachers are able to identify difficulties or weaknesses that students face in learning process, so that they are able to formulate a
plan to solve the difficulties.
11
Wilmar Tinambunan, Evaluation of Student Achievement, Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Direkorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi Proyek Pengembangan
Lembaga Pendidikan Tenaga Kependidikan, p. 7.
12
Ibid.
13
Norman E Gronlund, Measurement and Evaluation in Teaching, Fifth edition, New York: McMillan Publising Company, 1981, pp. 11-12.
14
Hughes, op.cit., p, 15
15
Gronlund, op.cit., p, 12
11
3. Achievement Test
According to Arthur Hughes, achievement test is “The test that is
related to language courses, their purpose being to establish how successful individual student, group of students, or the courses
themselves have been achieving the objectives.
16
It could be concluded that the achievement test is a type of test which is designed to measure
students’ mastery related to the objective of the learning process. According to Woolfolk, the measurement of achievement can be
divided into two types; formative and summative test.
17
It means that the teacher can measure the achievement of the students by using formative
and summative test.
a. Formative Test
According to Baxter, “Formative evaluation is done during a process so that the process can be changed to make it more
effective.”
18
It is indicated that formative test is designed to measure an individual’s comprehension in a term. Another definition comes
from Arthur Hughes who said that Assessment is formative when the teachers use it to check on the progress of their students, to see
how far they have mastered what they should have learned, and then use this information to modify their future teaching plans.
19
It can be indicated that formative test can be used to know the success of an
individual to measure the mastery of few chapters. From any statements above, the writer can conclude that
formative test is a kind of test which is constructed by teacher to
16
Arthur Hughes, Testing for Language Teachers, Second Edition, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 13.
17
Anita E. Woolfolk, Educational Psychology, Englewood Cliffs: Prenctice-Hall, 1990, 4
th
Ed., p. 530.
18
Andy Baxter, Evaluating Your Students, London: Richmond Publishing, 1997, p. 32.
19
Hughes, op, cit.,p. 16.
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