Ervin-Trip conducted another study of American English address. She presents the address form system as a series of choices. It actually represents the thought
processes a speaker goes though in deciding address forms in Fasold, 1990:12.The flow chart below is a representation of one American address form system ibid, p.13.
E. Domain of Language Use
Fishman in Fasold proposed that there were certain institutional context called domains, in which one language variety is more likely to be appropriate than another. In
other words, domains are taken to be constellations of factors such as location, topic and participants Fasold: 1990, 183.
While, Downes 1984: 49 states that a domain is grouping together of recurring situation types in such a way that one of language or varieties in a repertoire, as opposed
to the others, normally occurs in that class of situations and members of speech community judge that the use of that variety and not the others is appropriate to that
domain. Domain involves typical interaction between typical participants in typical
settings. It is very general concept that draws on three important social factors in code choice, namely participants, settings and topics Holmes, 1992: 26.
From definitions above, the term of domain represents the constellations of three aspects above in social communication occurring in Family, friendship, religion,
employment and education.
F. Review of Related Study
A research which concerned on address form used in a film were also conducted previously by:
1. Kristiandi: 2000. The Norms of Address in the film Entitled “Pretty Woman”.
The research was conducted to know the types of address term used in the dialog of the film ‘Pretty Woman’, to describe the intentions of the characters of the
film in using the terms of address, to identify the social meaning of the address terms used by the characters and to find the norms of the community in the film.
2. Zumalal Laeli: 2003. An Analysis on the use of Second Person Personal
Addresses in film entitled “Top Gun”.
Zumalal laeli described Address terms used by the characters and then interpreted the communicative functions of addresses in social communication done
by the characters which were classified based on the characters of the film. She described address forms used by the characters, and then interpreted the
communicative functions of the addresses and the social meaning od the addresses in the dialogues of the film.
3. Marisa Lila: 2005. Address Forms in the Film Entitled Gangs of New York.
Marisa Lila described the types of addresses employed by the characters in the film entitled ‘Gangs of New York’, the use of addresses and the social meaning of
the addresses concern with intimacy, solidarity, power, formality, respect, feeling of address form “You + MN”.
Considering the researches above, I try to analyze address forms which deals with the style of speech that differentiate the types of addresses in the film, ethnography
of communication, the social and situational context effecting one’s choice of address forms.
G. Film Theory
Film encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world
with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects. Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those
cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating citizens. The
visual elements of cinema give motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles
that translate the dialogue. The origin of the name film comes from the fact that photographic film had
historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures.
H. About the Film
