About the Film LITERATURE REVIEW

of communication, the social and situational context effecting one’s choice of address forms.

G. Film Theory

Film encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects. Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating citizens. The visual elements of cinema give motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue. The origin of the name film comes from the fact that photographic film had historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures.

H. About the Film

Independence Day is a film written by Dean Devlin Roland Emmerich. Starring Will Smith, Bill Pullman, Jeff Goldblum, Mary McDonnell, Judd Hirsch, Robert Loggia, Randy Quaid, Margaret Colin and Vivica A. Fox. It was a science fiction film. It told about a hostile alien invasion of Earth, focusing on a disparate group of individuals and families as they coincidentally converge in the Nevada desert and, along with the rest of the human population, participate in a last-chance retaliation on July 4 – the same date as the Independence Day holiday in the United States. On July 2, a gigantic alien mother ship enters orbit around Earth and deploys several dozen saucer-shaped destroyer spacecraft, each 15 miles 24 km in width. One of the alien ships using force fields to fend off missiles fired from American fighter aircraft. On July 3, the United States conducts a coordinated counterattack. When a nuclear missile fails to penetrate the shield of a destroyer hovering over a deserted Houston, Texas and destroys the city instead, the mission is aborted. The alien fighter approaches the mother ship. On July 4, a plan used the repaired attacker to gain access to the interior of the alien mothership in space in order to introduce a computer virus and plant a nuclear bomb on board. This, it is hoped, will cause the shields of the Earth-based alien craft to fail long enough for the human resistance to eliminate them. With satellite communications knocked out, the Americans use Morse code to coordinate an attack with the remaining forces around the world, timed to occur when the invaders shields are set to fail. With the successful implantation of the virus, President Whitmore leads the American jet fighters against an alien destroyer on approach to Area 51. Although the aliens now lack shields, the fighters supply of missiles is quickly exhausted against the colossal craft and its large complement of attackers. The underside of the alien craft opens up as its directed-energy weapon prepares to fire on the base. A pilot possesses the last remaining missile, but his firing mechanism jams. Changing his plan, he pilots his aircraft into the alien weapon in a suicide attack. The ensuing explosion causes a chain reaction which annihilates the ship. The world celebrates, and the film ends as the main characters watch debris from the mother ship enter the atmosphere like fireworks. CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY In this chapter, I would like to present the research methodology. It covers with the type of research, data and source of data, technique of analyzing data and technique of coding data.

A. Type of Research