As-Shadaqah fi nazrati ibnu hajar al-Asqalani wa Yusuf mansyur (dirasat al-Muqaranah)

‫ﺍﻝﺼﺩﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺭﺓ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺤﺠﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺴﻘﻼﻨﻲ ﻭﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‬
‫) ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ (‬
‫ﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻫﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺠﺎﻜﺭﺘﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻤﻭﺍﻓﺎﺓ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻲ )‪(S.S.I.‬‬

‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻝﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﺭﻴﺤﺎﻥ ﺇﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﹼﻘﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺩ ‪١٠٦٠٦٠٠٠٢١٥٢ :‬‬
‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴـــﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴــﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴــــﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻫﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻜﺭﺘﺎ‬
‫‪١٤٣٢‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١١/‬ﻤـ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺼﺩﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺭﺓ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺤﺠﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺴﻘﻼﻨﻲ ﻭﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‬
‫) ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ (‬
‫ﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻫﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺠﺎﻜﺭﺘﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ )‪(S.S.I‬‬

‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻝﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﺭﻴﺤﺎﻥ ﺇﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﹼﻘﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺩ‪١٠٦٠٦٠٠٠٢١٥٢ :‬‬
‫ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺇﻤﺎﻡ ﺴﻭﺠﻭﻜﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‬

‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻫﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴـــﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴــﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴــــﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻜﺭﺘﺎ‬
‫‪٢٠١١‬ﻤـ ‪١٤٣٢/‬ﻫـ‬

AS-SHADAQAH FI NAZRATI IBNU HAJAR
AL-ASQALĀNI WA YUSUF MANSYÛR
(DIRĀSAT AL-MUQĀRANAH)
Skripsi
Diajukan kepada Fakultas Dirasat Islamiyah
Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh
Gelar Sarjana Studi Islam (S.SI)

Oleh
Royhan Imamul Muttaqin
NIM:106060002152

Pembimbing

Imam Sujoko, MA

FAKULTAS DIRASAT ISLAMIYAH
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI (UIN)
SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH
JAKARTA
1432 H/2011 M

‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬

‫ﲤﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ‪ /‬ﺭﳛﺎﻥ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﲔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔﺟﺎﻛﺮﺗﺎﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ )‪ ،(S.S.I‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻮﺍﻧﻪ ‪ " :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻈﺮﺓ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻘﻼﱐ ﻭﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ " )ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ( ﺑﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ‪ :‬ﺟﻴ‪‬ﺪ ﺟﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﰲ ‪ ٢١‬ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ‪ ٢٠١١‬ﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻖ ‪ ١٩‬ﺭﺟﺐ ‪ ١٤٣٢‬ﻫـ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱴ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺗﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‪ /‬ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ ﻋﻤﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ‪ /‬ﺳﻜﺮﺗﲑﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﲪﻚ ﺣﺴﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ‪ /‬ﻣﺸﺮﻓﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺭﺳﻠﻲ ﺣﺴﱯ‬
‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ‪ /‬ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﺼﺮﻯ ﺳﺎﱂ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ‬
‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ‪ /‬ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎ‬

‫ﺒﺴﻡ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺸﻜﺭ ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺩ ﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻪ ﻨﺴﺘﻌﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻤﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻨﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺸﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﻨﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻠﻴﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺁﻝﻪ ﻭﺼﺤﺒﻪ ﺃﺠﻤﻌﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺸﻬﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻝﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺸﻬﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺭﺴﻭل ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﻴﺴﻌﺩﻨﻲ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻥ ﻋﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺒﺨﺎﻝﺹ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﺭ ﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﻨﻌﻤﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻌﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﺃﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﺨﺎﻝﺹ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺎﻫﻤﻭﺍ ﺒﺎﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺨﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﺫﻜﺭ‪:‬‬

‫أ‬

‫‪-١‬‬

‫ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻨﺎﺘﺎ ﻋﻤﻴﺩ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻫﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺠﺎﻜﺭﺘﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪-٢‬‬

‫ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺇﻤﺎﻡ ﺴﻭﺠﻭﻜﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺘﻔﻀﻠﻪ ﺒﺎﻻﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٣‬‬

‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﺴﺎﺘﺫﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﻨﺎﻓﻌﺎ ﻭﺃﺭﺸﺩﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٤‬‬

‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﺤﻭﺍ ﻝﻲ ﻓﺭﺼﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻁﺎﻝﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺤﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺴﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﻬل ﺍﷲ ﺃﻤﻭﺭﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺨﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٥‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺒﻭﺏ ﺃﺒﻲ"ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺝ ﺇﺩﻱ ﻓﺭﻴﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻜﻡ" ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺒﻭﺒﺔ‬

‫ﺃﻤﻲ"ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻝﻴﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﺭﻱ" ﺍﻝﻠﺫﺍﻥ ﺭﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺍﻝﺼﻐﺭ ﻭﺃﻤﺩﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻓﻀل ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺴﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺜﻴﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﺒﺄﺤﺴﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﻭﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺩﻋﻭ ﻝﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫"ﺍﻝﻠﻬﻡ ﺍﻏﻔﺭ ﻝﻲ ﻭﻝﻭﺍﻝﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺤﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺭﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺍ"‪ .‬ﺁﻤﻴﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ب‬

‫‪-٦‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺒﻭﺏ ﺃﺨﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ "ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻴﻭﺭﻱ ﻋﺎﻝﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﷲ"‪.‬‬

‫‪-٧‬‬

‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺼﺩﻗﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻤﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻝﺼﺩﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻓﻴﻑ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ‪ ،‬ﺤﺎﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻨﻭﺭ ﺤﻜﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻫﺩﻱ ﻝﻭﺒﻴﺱ‪ ،‬ﺘﺭﻱ ﻴﻭﺩﺴﺘﻴﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺴﻼ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺩﻫﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺯﻫﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﺃﻨﺘﻭﺱ ﻨﺼﺭﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻫﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺯﻤﻼﺌﻲ ﻓﻰ ﻓﺼل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ ٢٠٠٦‬ﺍﻝﹼﺫﻴﻥ ﺴﺎﻋﺩﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺃﺩﻋﻭ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺯ ﻭﺠل ﺃﻥ ﻴﺠﺯﻴﻬﻡ ﺃﺤﺴﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺴﺄل ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻨﺎﻓﻌﺎ ﻝﻲ ﻭﻝﻐﻴﺭﻱ ﻭﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﺘﻤﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻤﻼ ﺼﺎﻝﺤﺎ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻻ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ‪ .‬ﻭﺤﺴﺒﻨﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻨﻌﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﻜﻴل‪ ،‬ﻨﻌﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻝﻰ ﻭﻨﻌﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻴﺭ ﻭﻋﺴﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻴﻭﻓﻘﻨﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺍﺏ ﻭﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻠﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻴﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ج‬

‫ﺠﺎﻜﺭﺘﺎ‪ ١٧ ،‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ ‪٢٠١١‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ ١٥‬ﺭﺠﺏ ‪١٤٣٢‬ﻫـ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬

‫ﺭﻴﺤﺎﻥ ﺇﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﹼﻘﻴﻥ‬

‫د‬

‫ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ‪.................................................................‬ﺃ‬
‫ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ‪..............................................................‬ﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺃ‬

‫ﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ‪١............................................................‬‬

‫ﺏ‬

‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ‪٢............................................................‬‬

‫ﺝ‬

‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ‪٢...........................................................‬‬

‫ﺩ‬

‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ‪٣............................................................‬‬

‫ﻫـ‬

‫ﻩ‬

‫ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ‪٣..........................................................‬‬
‫ﺨﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ‪٤............................................................‬‬

‫‬

‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺩﻗﺔ‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺼﺩﻗﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪.‬‬

‫ﻝﻐﺔ‪٧ ...............................................................‬‬

‫ﺏ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﺼﻁﻼﺤﺎ ‪٨........................................................‬‬

‫‪ .٢‬ﺩﻝﻴل ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ‪١٠...........................................................‬‬

‫ﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﹼﺔ ‪١١............................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺩﻗﺔ ‪١٢.........................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺩﻗﺔ ‪١٣.........................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﻓﻀﺎﺌل ﻭﻓﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﺍﻝﺼﺩﻗﺔ ‪١٤.................................................‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺩﻗﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺤﺠﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺴﻘﻼﻨﻲ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺃ‬

‫ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺤﺠﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺴﻘﻼﻨﻲ ‪١٨.............................................‬‬

‫ﺏ‬

‫ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺩﻗﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺒﻥ ﺤﺠﺭﺍﻝﻌﺴﻘﻼﻨﻲ ‪٣٢..................................‬‬

‫و‬

‫ﺝ‬

‫ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ‪٤٢..................................................‬‬

‫ﺩ‬

‫ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺩﻗﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ‪٥٠.....................................‬‬

‫ﻫـ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺩﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ‪٥٩.................................................‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬
‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﺃ‬

‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ‪٦١...........................................................‬‬

‫ﺏ‬

‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ ‪٦٤.....................................................‬‬

‫ﺝ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺘﻤﺔ ‪٦٦...............................................................‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ‪٦٧.....................................................................‬‬

‫ز‬

‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬

‫أ‪.‬‬

‫ﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺩﻗﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل ﺭﺴﻭل ﺍﷲ‬

‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺩﻕﹾ‬
‫ﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻓﻠﹾ ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ِﻤﻨﹾ ﹸﻜﻡ‪َ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﻴ ﱠﺘ ِﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﹼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﹼﻡ ‪ :‬ﻤﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﺴ‪ ‬ﹶﺘﻁﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ل‬
‫ﻁ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺒ ٍﺔ‪ ١،‬ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺘﺩ ّ‬
‫ﺠﺩ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ِﺒ ﹶﻜِﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ٍﺔ ﹶ‬
‫ﻕ ﹶﺘﻤ‪ ‬ﺭﺓٍ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤﻥ‪ ‬ﹶﻝﻡ‪ ‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺸﱢ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﻝﻭ‪ِ ‬ﺒ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﺭﺴﻭل ﺍﷲ ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﹼﻡ ﻗﺩ ﺃﻤﺭﻨﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺼ‪‬ﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﻝﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺘﻤﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﻓﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎل‬
‫ﺒﺸﻲﺀ ﻗﻠﻴل ﻤﺜل ﺸ ﹼ‬
‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻥ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺼ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﻗﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇ ‪‬‬
‫ل ﻤ‪‬ﻌﺭﻭ ٍ‬
‫ﺭﺴﻭل ﺍﷲ ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ ‪ :‬ﹸﻜ ّ‬
‫ﻙ ﻓِﻲ ﺇِﻨﺎ ِﺀ‬
‫ﻕ ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﹸﺘﻔﹾﺭِﻍ ﻤِﻥ ﺩ‪‬ﻝ ِﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻙ ﺒِﻭﺠ ٍﻪ ﻁﹶﻠ ٍ‬
‫ﻑ َﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﺘﹶﻠﻘﹶﻲ ﺃَﺨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤ‪‬ﻌﺭﻭ ِ‬
‫ﻥ‬
‫ل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻴﺩ ّ‬
‫ﻙ‪) .‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﺭﺍﻨﻲ(‪ ،٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺃ ‪‬‬
‫َﺃﺨِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻜل ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺼﻨﻌﺘﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻏﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻘﻴﺭ ﻓﻬﻭ ﺼﺩﻗﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪١‬‬

‫‪ .‬أ
 ‪ ) .
 :‬وت ‪ :‬دار ا اّ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬م(‪ ،‬ا('ء‪ ،٧٠٤ ،٢ .‬ا‪ 23 4‬ا‪ /01‬و‪ + ,- .‬ة‪،‬‬
‫ ‪١٠١٦ /‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪ . .‬ﺍﺒﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻘﻥ ﺴﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺨﺭﻴﺞ ﺍﻷﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ ﻭﺍﻷﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﺡ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ )ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻬﺠﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،(٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﺠﺯﺀ‪ ،٧.‬ﺹ‪٦٦٦.‬‬

‫‪١‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻥ ﺍﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺩﻗﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺒﻥ ﺤﺠﺭ ﻭﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‪ .‬ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺩﻗﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺤﺠﺭ ﻫﻭ ﻻ‬
‫ﺢ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻨﺘﺼﺩ‪‬ﻕ ﻻﺒﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﺨﺘﺹ ﺒﻤﺎل ﻭﻻ ﻏﻨﻲ ﻭﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺭﺠﺎﺀ ﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺴﻠﹶﺎﻤ‪‬ﻰ ِﻤﻥ‪‬‬
‫ل ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﹶﻠﻰ ﹸﻜ ﱢ‬
‫ﺢ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺎل ﺭﺴﻭل ﺍﷲ ﺼﻠﹼﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﹼﻡ ‪ :‬ﻴﺼ‪ِ ‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ل ﹶﺘﻬ‪‬ﻠِﻴﹶﻠ ٍﺔ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﻗﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹸﻜ ﱡ‬
‫ل ﹶﺘﺤ‪‬ﻤِﻴ ‪‬ﺩ ٍﺓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﻗﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹸﻜ ﱡ‬
‫ﺤ ٍﺔ ‪‬‬
‫ل ﹶﺘﺴ‪‬ﺒِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﻗﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹸﻜ ﱡ‬
‫ﺤ ِﺩ ﹸﻜﻡ‪ ‬‬
‫َﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻋِ‬
‫ﻲ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﻗﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻨﻬ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﻗﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭَﺃﻤ‪ ‬ﺭ ﺒِﺎﻝﹾ ‪‬ﻤﻌ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻭ ِ‬
‫ل ﹶﺘﻜﹾﺒِﻴ ‪‬ﺭ ٍﺓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﻗﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹸﻜ ﱡ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﻀﺤ‪‬ﻰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻥ ﺍﻝ ‪‬‬
‫ﻥ ‪‬ﻴﺭ‪ ‬ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻙ ‪‬ﺭﻜﹾ ‪‬ﻌﺘﹶﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺉ ِﻤﻥ‪ ‬ﹶﺫِﻝ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﻗﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻴﺠ‪ِ ‬ﺯ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻝﹾ ‪‬ﻤﻨﹾ ﹶﻜ ِﺭ ‪‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬

‫ﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺩﻗﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻴﺨﺘﺹ‬
‫ﻝﻜﻥ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ﻴﻘﻭل ﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺒﻤﺎل ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺭﺯﻕ ﻭﻤﻴﺴﺭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﻴﻪ ﻝﺭﺠﺎﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل ﻭﻨﺤﻭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻨﻴﺎﻭﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺨﺎﻝﺹ ﻝﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ ﻭﻝﺭﺠﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﺩﻋ‪ ‬ﻭ ﹶﺓ‬
‫ﺏ ُﺃﺠِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﱢﻲ ﹶﻓِﺈﻨﱢﻲ ﹶﻗﺭِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﺒ‪‬ﺎﺩِﻱ ‪‬‬
‫ﻙ ِ‬
‫ﺴَﺄﹶﻝ ‪‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﻀﺎﺘﻪ ﻝﻘﻭﻝﻪ ‪ :‬ﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬

‫‪ .‬أ
 ‪ .
 :‬ط‪ ) ٤ .‬وت ‪ :‬دار ا اّ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬م(‪ ،‬ا('ء‪ ،١ .‬ص‪ ،٤٩٨ .‬آة ا