ads.”, “ At the end of the lesson, you will be able to demonstrate and describe three different ways to throw a basketball.”, or “Everyone will have used the
formula to solve three problems, and shows those to me before the bell”;
2 Giving directions
In giving direction a teacher may say “Find out three features of tundra landscape from these pictures, write them down, and note any questions that
arise from your study.”, “Here are some 1856 newspaper accounts of gold diggings.”, “Listen and look carefully.”, “Do not try to remember everything,
but put your self in the position of a police officer saying to give reasons to the miners for paying for licenses.”, “If you are not sure about the task checks
with your group leader.”, “When you don’t know the details of an event look in the following looks, on the pages listed the triangle.”, “Select sample
ideals.”, “Suit words to feelings”;
3 Outlying contents
Outlying the contents can be as simple as a statement of what will be covered in sequence in a lesson such as “First we’ll review what we decided were our
local problems of pollutions, and then we’ll go on to look at what people living around Botany Bay face.”, “Now let’s look at a key incident in I own
the Racecourse which tells us what the link is between the title and the main characters, and the game they are always playing” for geography lesson.”,
“The next theory of continent formation is based on the movements of tectonic places” for geography lesson
2.8.5. 4 Making links
The fourth component of introductory procedure and closure is making links. Making links is to set a context for learning by relating unfamiliar ideas and
familiar ideas of the students. At the beginning of lesson, the teacher can help the students by recalling skills and concept which have been learnt and which will
assist them with the task being set. Many language lessons including English begin with revision of known patterns which resemble the new work, such as the
students may practice sentences related to getting on and off buses, paying fares, or asking the driver to stop before proceeding to learn to ask directions of a
conductor Turney et al.1983 : 96 .When the teacher discusses report text in the lesson, they can apply the scaffolding task strategy by asking a question such as
“Do you remember what text it is with the characteristic as follows. “having simple present tense, with technical terms, and generic participants”. Besides that,
they can make links by highlighting familiar ideas, such as by asking the student to describe present event with generic participants and technical term.
Based on the explanation above, it can be said that making link can assist and make easy for the students to reach the desired expression well. By making
links above, students can gain their understanding without any difficulties. It is obvious that making links also belong to scaffolding talk because it consists of
activating the students’ prior knowledge and using familiar ideas to reach the desired expressions easily.
2.8.5. 5 Reviewing
Reviewing is the fifth component of introductory procedure and closure. As usual, teachers check the student’s comprehension throughout the question
dealing with the subject given after explaining. This leads to reviewing key points, involving verbal recall of the main ideas given. The teachers can list such as
“Today we have discovered that air moves and exerts pressure, and because of that it has many uses”. They can ask the students in-group or individually to
rehearse the main points of the lesson, learning for example or the new sentence pattern of English lesson such as: Past tense pattern in recount on simple present
tense pattern in report text etc. Reviewing may take place progressively at point by listing key points of
the subject in the lesson. The teachers are able to ask the student to sum up the outcome after giving some questions. Reviewing can be in the form of summary
of the lesson content. They may build up summary on the chalkboard in the process of the lesson to make up a board summary after discussing several lessons
with certain people.
2.8.5. 6 Evaluating
