III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In order to deal with the concept of research method, this chapter discusses some sub topics, they are research design, setting of research, participants of
research, data collecting techniques, validity and reliability of instrument, data collecting instrument and data analysis. Those are described as follows.
3.1 Research Design
The research was intended to investigate students‟ perception in the
implementation of CTL in speaking ability. Then, the descriptive qualitative research would be conducted in this study. Maxwell 2012:655 provided valuable
and trustworthy accounts of educational settings and activities, the contexts in which these are situated, and the meanings that they have for participants that
have nothing directly to do with causation. This means that qualitative researcher study the contexts in their natural
settings, attempting to make sense of or interpret phenomenon in term of the meanings people bring to them. Qualitatives research involves collection of a
variety of empirical materials case study, personal experience, introsepective, life story, interview, observational, historical, interactional and visual texts that
describe routine and problematic moments and meanings in individual lives. This approach is employed because it is helpful to describe English
students‟ perceptions from different respondents. This research used qualitative
43 research with phenomena theory. Phenomena theory tries to see what happen in
the surface work environment including teachers‟ perceptions, these perceptions
are symptoms, phenomena of something that are hidden in the head of the teachers.
The writer used purposive sampling due to her limitation of time and distance. It means that individual or students which was choosen can represent
this case so that it can answer the research problem Setiyadi, 2006:44. Deciding of students or sample were based on theoritical knowledge which is owned by
writer. In choosing sample, writer also used theoritical basic so that writer assumed sample can represent this case.
3.2 Settings of Research
This research was done in September, 2015 to Oktober, 2015. It was done at tenth grade of SMAN 4 Bandar Lampung. This study had been done for 3
months since August 2015 up to September 2015. These activities started from the starting survey, arranging proposal, instruments of the research, collecting data,
analyzing data and reporting the research. In qualitative research, selecting of the sample related on the purpose of the research in requiring of external validity
Setiyadi, 2006:44. Writer used purposive sample, it can be assumed students election case can be suitable for solving the problems. Students judgement or case
is related on theoritical knowledge by researcher Setiyadi, 2006:31. In deciding the research sampling, the writer assumed that choosen
sampling can determine the problems. The writer chose tenth grade of SMAN 4 Bandar Lampung because, The English teacher used CTL in teaching learning
process. Writer also had done previous interview to English teacher. The result of
44 the interview showed that her educational background and her experiences were
suitable for the criteria qualification of teacher. Therefore, the writer decided to use her class as a subject of research. One class consisted of 30 students so total of
participants was about 30 students. The writer observed one classe, to get the deepth of information in interview, the writer only chose some of the sample.
This study was focused on students‟ perception through seven elements in
implementation of CTL. There were six classes of tenth grade in SMAN 4 Bandar Lampung and writer chose one class as subject of research. The writer assumed
that English teachers understand about CTL and also applied in teaching learning process.
3.3 Participants of the Research
