47
3.4.2. Interview
The interview was done by an agent by using recorder. The interview was transcribed by the writer. Zohrabi 2013:255 said that interview can be conducted
in two forms: person to person and group or collective formats. The interviewee answered the questions and the interviewer asked some questions. The interview
is conveyed by an agent to help the researcher. According to Zohrabi 2013: 255 interview was done to get firsthand
information directly from some knowledgeable informants. The purpose of interview is to construct about people, event, activity, feeling, motivation,
demand, caring and reconstruction of things happened in the past to describe agreement, verify, change and widen the constructionmodel that is developed by
the researcher for future. The interview that is used is guided interview in order to get more
information completely and depth in comfortable situation done by the researcher. All the questions in the interview are addressed to the correspondent both primary
and secondary which are valid and credible. The interview was done effectively and directly. It means that the interview was done in as short time as possible and
got data as many as possible. Unstructured interview is a free interview where there is no guide for the interview or no list of questions arranged systematically
and completely for collecting data. Furthermore, the interview would be conducted in Indonesia language. This was done to make sure that the interview
ran smoothly and there were not many language problems when the interview was undertaken.
48 The writer interviewed 30 students of tenth grade of SMAN 4 Bandar
Lampung as participants in depth interview. The issues that are intended to know in the interview are: 1
students‟ perception in implementation of seven elements of CTL in speaking ability such as constructivisime, inquiry, questioning,
learning community, modeling, reflection and authenthic assessment. Writer used guided interview to get the data. Guided interview is constructed with
perception‟s theories Wenden 1991 as cited in Ziyad 2015:139 and seven elements‟ of CTL theories. Perception‟s theories consists of cognitive componet
beliefs, perception or information about an object, an evaluative component the object of an attitude can evoke feelings of pleasure or displeasure, acceptance or
refusal, agreement or disagreement, a behavioural component induce people to make decisions and then act in certain ways.
In guided interview students were provided with 20 items in each element- based category constructivisme, inquiry, questioning, comunity learning,
modeling, reflection and authentic assessment In constructivisme element item nos, 1-3, item nos. 4- 6 were grouped under inquiry, item nos. 7- 9 were grouped
under questioning, item nos. 10-12 were grouped under community learning , item nos. 13- 15 were grouped under modeling, item nos. 16- 18 were grouped under
reflection and item nos. 19 – 20 were grouped under authentic assessment. Each
element based category cognitive component, evaluative component and behavioral component. It can be seen from table specification of perception
below.
49 No.
Types of perception Items of close ended questions
1. Cognitive
1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 2.
Evaluative 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20
3. Behavioural
3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18
4. Video Recording
To observe the learning process of students‟ behaviour and the teachers‟
behaviour and also the aspects of seven elements in CTL appeared, the researcher recorded the learning process by using a handy-cam.
3.5. Validity and Reliability of the Instruments
Kategori