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C. Subjects of the Research
The subjects of this research are VIII-E class students of SMP Raden Fatah Cimanggu totaling 38 students in the academic year of 20132014. The object of this
study is the overall process and learning outcomes, especially in the English lesson. The materials to discuss are taken by the consideration of the fact that the
students lack ability in reading compared to the other class VIII. It makes VIII-E class suitable for the research using action research, with the expectation that students
skills in reading English be further improved.
D. Instruments of the Research
The research instrument is an instrument used to collect research data. The main instrument was the researcher herself because she undertook the planning, the action,
the observation, reflection, and then made the report. There are three instruments to use in this study. They are 1 the observation sheet, 2 Interview guidelines, and 3
some tests. The descriptions are as follows. 1
Observation sheet
An observation sheet is used to record the process of teaching and learning reading in the classroom. The observation sheet used to determine changes in student
activities at each cycle. The observation sheet used is as follows.
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2 Interview Guidelines
The interview was done by the researcher to get the detailed information and to make a crosscheck of students’ impressions of learning activities during the
research. The researcher interviewed the collaborator and the 8
th
grade students.
3 Students’ reading test
This study used two kinds of tests: a test given at the pre-action and a test at the end of Cycle I and Cycle II.
Students are assigned to read the English text individually in the form of macromedia-flash program and answer the questions based on the text. The tests are
given to the students in order to determine students reading ability.
E. Data Collection Techniques
Data were collected by observation, interview, tests, and documentation. All the data collection techniques are used to obtain data on the results of the action
research. The results are combined and analyzed to further be concluded.
1. Class Observation
Stake 2010: 90 states that observation can allow the researcher to get the information which can be seen, heard, or felt directly. Observation was conducted to
obtain data from research subjects including qualitative data in the form of expression, posture, activity, attention, motivation, and confidence of the students.
The observations carried out to observe the behavior of students, student responses, and assessment of students learning methods used when they are reading. When the
learning process takes place, the researcher considered the suitability of the learning
23 stages that has been agreed. The learning stages that carried should be directed to the
goal of improving reading skills.
2. Test
The test is a learning outcome assessment tool used to assess and measure student learning outcomes related to the mastery of teaching materials appropriate to
the learning objectives. The test is used to measure the level of students reading
skills. There were pre-test and post-test. Pre-test was conducted before the researcher did the action. Meanwhile, post-test was held if last cycle was done.
a. Test instruments
The form of test instruments is questions description consisting of questions about Recount text. Each question done by students then analyzed
and in the end of each question the score are combined to obtain an overall score. From the total score then processed to obtain the final score in further
then analyzed whether it fulfilling specified indicators of mastery learning in this study or not.
24 Criteria for Research Scores
No Range of Scores
Interval Percentage Content Mastery
Criteria 1
85 – 100
85 - 100 Very good
2 75
– 84 75
– 84 Good
3 65
– 74 65
– 74 Average
4 55
– 64 55
– 64 Adequate
5 54
54 Low
b. Non Test Instruments
The form of non-test instruments used was observation. It is observed in this case include:
students’ activeness in listening to the teacher explanation and formulating ideas individually. There was also a discussion of activity can
be seen when students discussing, the active students asked each other. In the final stage of learning activities student activeness can be seen when students
express ideas, provide feedback opinion orally or ask a question.
3. Interview
In gathering the data, the researcher conducted some interviews to the English teacher and the students. Stake 2010: 95 argues that interview enables the researcher
to obtain the unique information or interpretation from many people and to find out
25 things that the researcher cannot observe by herself. In this research, interview was
done by the researcher so that she could know how the English teacher and students’ responses, opinion, suggestion, and expectation while and after doing the
implementation of Interactive Multimedia in the teaching and learning process of reading, clarify their idea about the technique being implemented, and reflect the
students’ practices. Johnson 1970: 181 states that through interview technique, the researcher
may stimulate the subject to get a greater insight into his own experiences and there by exploring significant areas, not anticipated in the original plan of investigation.
In this study, the interview is done to collect the data by asking questions to the collaborator and to the students who helps in observation during learning and
teaching process in the classroom. By knowing the lack, the researcher as a teacher can make improvement in the
next teaching.
4. Documentation
Documentation used in the form of taking photos when using interactive multimedia during learning activities. The use of documentation aims to provide an
overview of research and evidence in a concrete implementation of the activities and the
students’ activity in the classroom during the process of reading conducted. The researcher also documented the process of using the multimedia. This is
aimed at giving factual evidence regarding the implementation of the multimedia to improve the students’ reading ability
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F. Data Analysis Techniques
The data collected were in the form of qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative data were collected from the observation and the interviews. They were in the form of
field notes, interview transcripts, and photographs. Then, all the data were interpreted and analyzed. Next, they were connected to the relevant theories. After that, the
outcomes of the data were reported from the beginning to the end.
Meanwhile, quantitative data of this research were obtained from the tests
administered.
a. Quantitative Technique
The quantitative data were derived from the test results which are carried out two times
i.e. at the end of the first cycle and second cycle. The calculation step is to calculate the percentage of correct answers achieved any learners.
From the calculation of this percentage, the researcher is able to determine the extent of students’ mastery of the materials previously taught. In other words, the
extent of the success rate of students who have been taught over the material in terms of the learning success criteria indicators of success as expected formerly.
In addition, the results of students’ outcome calculation from each test were
compared between the first cycle and second cycle. These results in give an idea of the percentage increase in the ability of students after participating in learning
Interactive.
27 2. Indicators of success
Before establish indicators of success, the following describes the meaning of individual mastery and classical completeness as follows.
a. Classical Completeness
A person is said to have achieved individual mastery if the student has mastered at least 65 materials subject matter recount text marked by the achievement the 65
final score. A class is said to have reached a classical completeness if at least there were 85
of students who have achieved individual mastery. This study is successful if the object under study has achieved classical
completeness. b.
Students’ Activeness This study is successful if at the end of the second cycle, student
s’ activity increased to least 70.
The data is analyzed also using descriptive analysis techniques to describe the appropriateness of the learning materials. Descriptive analysis is a data-processing
technique by describing the increase in the activity of learning, behavior, motivation, and improving the reading skills of the students, the application of interactive
learning media observation, field notes, and tests.
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G. Validity and Reliability of the Data 1. Research Validity
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