Conclusion Suggestion CONCLUSION AND SUGGESSTION

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CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESSTION

A. Conclusion

After exploring and analyzing both of the two main characters, Tammie and Serena, in the previous chapter which is chapter III, the writer draws conclusion that there is differences between people who success or fail in facing problems that could affect their life and behavior. From the analysis, the writer finds that Tammy is success in developing phases such as trust, autonomy, initiative, industry, identity, and intimacy. However, Serena Davco fails in her development phases such as mistrust, shame and doubt, guilt, inferiority, role confusion, and isolation. According to Erikson from the description above both the two main characters almost experiences all of the phases. The phases that are passed by them have many problems that are difficult to face. Tammie is the character who success in facing all problems that coming to her, but different from Serena’s character who fails in facing her problems. Based on the story above, the writer sees that Tammie and Serena characters are represent the psychosocial development from Erikson theory which is Eight Phase of Man 1902-1994. Although each character has different way to overcome their problems, but the writer believes that they pass the phases of psychosocial development, which are marked by their attitude towards their problems. 41

B. Suggestion

Based on the conclusion above, the writer draws the problems of the main characters that have crisis moment in their phase of life. Only someone who success in the previous level will be able to continue to enter the next level. The writer hopes Eight Phase of Man can be learned by students through this novel and analysis to get to be success person in future. The writer would like also to emphasize in analyzing the characters of a novel, they should consider elements of novel to support the whole part of the novel such as theme, plot, point of view and other intrinsic elements. Finally, the writer suggests to readers to look up the book of Erikson to kno w deeply about Erikson’s Eight Phase of Man who not only talk about human as individuality but also as social citizen. 42 BIBLIOGRAPHY Anonymous, Children, Eight Editions, New York: McGraw-Hill Companies: 2005 Brophy, Jere E, Child Development and Socialization, Chicago: Science Research Associates, Inc: 1977 Cobb, Nancy J, the Child Infants and Children, Los Angeles: Mayfield Publishing Company: 2001 Dariyo, Agoes, Psikologi Perkembangan Anak Usia Tiga Tahun Pertama Psikologi Atitama Bandung: Refika Aditama, 2007 Hoffman, Lois, et al., Developmental Psychology Today, Sixth Edition, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1994 Hurlock, Elizabeth Bergner, Child Development International Student Edition Singapore: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1979 John F, Travers, Child Psychology, USA: Scott, Foresman and Company, 1982 Kuswara, E, Teori – Teori Keperibadian, Bandung: PT. Eresco, 1991 Maddi, Salvatore R, Personality Theories A comparative Analysis, Illinois: The Dorsey Press, 1968 Manning, Sidney A, Child and Adolescent Development A Basic Self- Instructional Guide, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1977 McCandless, Boyd R, Children Behavior and Developments Second Edition, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc Newman, Barbara M and Newman, Philip R, Development through Life A Psychosocial Approach, Chicago, Illinois: The Dorsey Press, 1984 Newton, Miller, Adolescence, New York: W.W Norton and Company, inc, 1995 Papalia, Diane E, and Olds, Sally Wedoks, A Child’s World Infancy Through Adolescence Second Edition, USA: McGraw –Hill Book Company, 1979 Papalia, Diane E, Human Development Third Edition, USA: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2002 Rao, Snarayana, Counselling Psychology, New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 1981 43 Santrok, John, W, Life Span Development, Texas: McGraw-Hill, 2002 Sodorow , lesler M, and Rickabaugh, Cherly A Psychology Fifth Edition, New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2002 INTERNET 2 Jul 2006 ... Brief Biography of Erik Erikson, prominent psychologist with whom Dr. Eric Berne studied.www.ericberne.compeopleerik_erikson.htm Characterization, Encarta Dictionary, Encarta Online Dictionary. Access on March 12, 2009. www.encarta .msn.comdictionary…characterization.html, Eriksons Stages of Psychosocial Development Erik Erikson Biography · Psychosocial Stages - Summary Chart · Psychosocial ... psychology.about.com › ... › Psychosocial Theories of Personality http:www.aui.maVPAAcads1204cad-course-1204-rdg-erikerikson.pdf Identity, Ego Identity, Ego Identity. Access on July19, 2008. http:www.ahalmaas.comglossaryeego identity.htm, Psychoanalysis, Encyclopedia-Psychoanalysis, Encyclopedia. Access on July 18, 2008. http:www.experiencefestival.comapsychoanalysisid1896728, Selingman and Shanok, Erikson, pep web-locating Erikson in Contemporary Psychoanalysis. Access on July 18, 2008. http:www.pep- web.orgdocument. php?id=pd.005.0567a, 44 APPENDIXES

A. Brief Biography of Erik Erikson