Background of the Study

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Language is communication device that is used by human to communicate with other people. There are two kinds of language which is used by human to communicate, there are spoken language and written language. Variety of written language is variety of language that is used through means of writing and can be reinforced or supported by a set of visuals to achieve the target. Visual means which is meant are schema graphs, maps, drawings, photographs, colors, or other concrete objects. 1 For example: If you are not strong, you do not need to continue that work. Therefore, in communicating written language must be use correct and effective sentence. Similarly, the written language in creation of a news, the using of the words that are correct and effective are very supportive in the process of delivering and receiving information. Therefore, the effectiveness of sentences should be able to make the content can be conveyed and can be reflected in the mind of the readers, exactly of what is the purpose of the written language. 1 Rasyid Sartuni, Aplikasi Bahasa Indonesia Di Perguruan Tinggi, Bogor: Maharini Press, 1996, p. 20. The language that is used by journalists in writing of their work in the mass media is called the journalistic language. Journalistic language is one variety of languages which has typical properties that are brief, solid, simple, fluent, clear, straightforward and interesting. 2 These properties are things that must be fulfilled by journalistic language, and considering the work of journalists will be read by almost all levels of society that have not the same level of understanding and knowledge, and also not everyone has time to read it. Thus, journalistic language must be easily understood, and also have the ability in conveying information to the readers quickly and communicatively. In addition, to make communicative news can also be found by using the deixis words. Deixis is an expression which is bound to the context. According to John Lyon in his book that deixis is meant the location and identification of persons, objects, events, processes and activities being talked about, or referred to, in relation to the spatiotemporal context created and sustained by the act of utterance and the participation in it, typically, of a single speaker and at least one addressee. 3 A deictic word itself is one which takes some elements of its meaning from the 2 Haris Sumadiria, Bahasa Jurnalistik Panduan Praktis Penulis dan Jurnalis, Bandung: Simbiosa Rekatama Media, 2008, p. 6. 3 John Lyons, Semantics vol 2, Great Britain: Cambridge University Press, 1977, p. 637. context or situation i.e. the speaker, the addressee, the time and the place of the utterance in which it is used. 4 There are many deixis in news which have function to package the language and sentence in order to more effective and efficient. Deixis occurs because of the replacement of the context. Furthermore, deixis which often appears in news such as person deixis, place deixis also known as space deixis, time deixis, and discourse deixis. Meanwhile, social deixis is not found in the news because of nature of journalistic language are objective and neutral. Similarly in political news in The Jakarta Post, many types of deixis that can be found. Example of deixis that contained in political news in The Jakarta Post: The embattled chairman of the Democratic Party Anas Urbaningrum has said he is optimistic that his party will come out on top in the 2014 general election. 5 From news fragment above, the words of he and his are kinds of third-person singular deixis, which refers to person who is being talked about which is meant Anas Urbaningrum, who is chairman of the Democrat Party. From the background of the study above, the writer chooses deixis analysis in news articles because there are many words that contain deixis in news which must be used appropriately and effectively, so that the sentence will be communicative, there is no mistake in 4 James R. Hurford, et. al, Semantics of Coursebook, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007,p. 66. 5 “Anas upbeat over Dems’ chances” Jakarta Post, 12 November 2012, p. 4. describing news, and the delivery of the news can be understood by reader easily.

B. Focus of the Study