Formulation of the Problems

b. The Schematic Structure of Recount Every text has a schematic structure. According to Anderson, recount has three schematic structures. They are, “Orientation, events, and re- orientation.” 3 The orientation is the opening of the recount text. It consists of background information about recount text. Events tell about what happened in a chronological order. Re-orientation is the conclusion of the recount text. 1. Orientation In this part, the writer tries to introduce the recount writing to the readers, so the readers know about the details of setting or background information about the events. “The orientation supplies the background information needed to fully understand the retelling. It establishes the time, setting and who or what is participating. ” 4 This orientation is in the first paragraph as an opening of the recount text. 2. Events The orientation is followed by the events of the recount text. The function of the event is to tell what happened in a chronological order. In this part of the recount it is important that students are given adequate guidelines and scaffolds to assist with the structure of their writing. 5 Event is the main important part of recount text because those events are the core of the story. This is followed by a series of paragraph that tell about all of the past events that happened in the story. 3. Re-Orientation optional In this part, the writer can choose to give the conclusion for the readers or not. Re-orientation is about the conclusion of the experience. It is optional because some recounts are only consists of orientation, and the series of events. The conclusion and comment of the story can be given in this last part. 3 John Barwick, Targeting Text, Blake Education: America, 2006, p. 18 4 I bid, p. 5 5 Ibid, p. 5

c. The Language Features of Recount Text

The language features of recount text are divided into several, they are: 1 Written in the past tense, e.g. I went 2 in chronological order, using connectives that signal time, for example, then, next, after, meanwhile. 3 focused on individual or group participants, for example, in first person: I, we, or third person: he, she, they, etc. 6 In other words, those language features above help to write the recount text. The first is proper nouns to identify those involves in the text. It is useful to show who, where and when the story took place, for example; Rina, at home, South Africa, etc. The second is descriptive words. It is used to give details about who, what, when, where, and how the events happen. The next is the use of the past tense. Because recount is retelling a story that happens in the past time, so the use of the past tense is needed to make sure the readers that the events happened in the past time. The last is words that show the order of events, for example, first, next, then, etc.

d. The Types of Recount Text

Commonly, there are many types of recount text, they are: 1 eyewitness accounts, 2 letters, 3 conversations, 4 newspaper reports, 5 television, 6 interviews, and 7 speech. Firstly is the eyewitness account. The purpose of the eyewitness accounts is to provide details about the past event chronologically, such as the accidents, the explosion a flight, etc. the audience can be a reader of newspaper or can be a police officer. Secondly, it is letters. Letters is written for some reasons, one of them is to tell the events that have happened in the past, for example writing about the activities in last holiday to a friend. Thirdly, it is conversations. The conversation is spoken by two or more people to tell the listener about something. In this case, the conversation tells about past event, for example, telling about what happened this morning or last night. The next type is newspaper reports. In newspaper, the reader can read about some events that have happened in the order in which they occur, 6 Anderson, op.cit., p. 24