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entitled Ah Boys to Men 1 and 2. Based on Wood and Kroger 2000, p. 1, “Discourse analysis is a perspective on social life that contains both
methodological and conceptual elements.” There, social life becomes the focus of the analysis. Besides, “discourse analysis involves ways of thinking about
discourse theoretical and meta-theoretical elements and ways of treating discourse as data methodological elements p. 1.” There are some varieties of
discourse analysis, while this research refers to conversation analysis CA. Based on Schegloff 1989 as cited by Wood and Kroger 2000, CA is often called by
“talk-in-interaction” to emphasize that conversation analysis is not only focus on everyday conversation, but also in the more formal one as in the institutional
setting p. 21. The result of the analysis was to answer the first research question, which
was the type of the discourse particles ah and lah as seen in Ah Boys to Men 1 and 2
. Next was to answer the second research question, which was the function of discourse particles ah and lah as seen in Ah Boys to Men 1 and 2. The researcher
made those research questions to seek the use of SCE with its unique characteristics in informal communication by analyzing its discourse particles in
the conversation. After the analysis had been done, the researcher concluded the result and made it into a form of report and explanation about the connection.
B. Research Setting
The researcher conducted this research from September 2015 until May 2016. Firstly, the researcher looked for the data source on September 2015 and
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chose Ah Boys to Men movie as the main source of the research. Secondly, the researcher wrote the movie transcript since the movie transcript in Singapore
English was not available on the internet. The process began with movie watching and conversation writing. Then, the researcher group them based on its scene, and
named them scene 1, 2, 3, etc. The downloadable English or Indonesian version of movie transcription could not complete the research data since the research
questions are about types and function of discourse particle. Thirdly, the researcher looked for some books from the library and some journals or theses
from the internet as the resource. Fourthly, the researcher worked on the data gathering and data analysis until May 2016.
C. Instrument and Data Gathering Technique
The prominent instrument for gathering and analyzing the data in qualitative research is the human investigator. According to Ary, Jacobs
Sorensen 2008, human instrument is the one who is capable enough to catch the complexity of human experience p. 424. In this research, the researcher and
some conversations in Ah Boys to Men 1 and 2 were the research instruments for the data gathering technique.
Another instrument was gained from Holmes 1992, which is observation checklist. The instrument helped the researcher to classify and note the types of
each ah and lah particles. The research instruments were used to collect the data. Then, the
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researcher could answer the two research questions. In order to collect the data, the researcher copied some of the actor‟s conversations in Ah Boys to Men 1 and 2
into the transcript. Finally, the data were able to be analyzed after the transcript had finished.
Table 3.1 Format of The Interpretation of Discourse Particles ah and lah in Standard English as seen in
Ah Boys to Man 1 and 2 No.
Expression in SCE The interpretation in Standard English
1. 2.
3. 4.
5.
Table 3.2 Format of The Number of Discourse Particle ah in Ah Boys to Man 1 and 2 No.
Types of Discourse particle ah
Ah Boys to Men 1
Ah Boys to Men 2
Total Occurrence
1. Perlocutionary:
- Interrogative
- Declarative
- Imperative
2. Vocative
3. Emphatic
4. Question Marker
Total
Table 3.3 Format of The Number of Discourse Particle lah in Ah Boys to Man 1 and 2
No. Types of Discourse
particle lah Ah Boys
to Men 1 Ah Boys to
Men 2 Total Occurrences
1. Impositional
2. Proporsitional
3. Persuasive
Total
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Table 3.4 Observation Checklist of The Type and Function of Discourse Particle ah in Ah Boys to Man 1 and 2
No Express
-ion Type
Function Perlocutionary
Voca- tive
Empha- tic
QM AC
U-F IM
D I
1. 2.
3.
Table 3.5 Observation Checklist of The Type and Function of Discourse Particle lah in Ah Boys to Man 1 and 2
No. Expression
Type Function
Impositional Proporsitional Persuasive
AC U-F
1. 2.
3. 4.
5.
Table 3.6 Format of The Function of Discourse Particles ah and lah in Ah Boys to Man 1 and 2
Particle Occurrence Ah Boys to
Man 1 Ah Boys to
Man 2 Total
Discourse Particle ah
Utterance-final Pragmatic Role
Audible Comma Syntactic Role
Discourse Particle lah
Utterace-final Pragmatic Role
Audible Comma Syntactic Role
D. Data Analysis Technique
