Data Analysis Technique METHODOLOGY

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E. Data Analysis Technique

In order to answer the first and the second research problems, the writer analyzed the works of the students in comprehension task. The writer counted the numbers of students who made incorrect answers on each item of the comprehension task. Firstly, the writer counted the percentage of students who made incorrect answers on each item of the comprehension task part A. The formula of the computation is as follows: P = C x 100 N Where: P = percentage of the students who make incorrect answers on each task item C = the number of students who made incorrect answers on the item N = the total number of students involved in this study The percentage on each task item Task items Students with incorrect answers Item number 1 Item number 2 Item number 3 Item number 4 etc. After that, the writer classified each item into each pronoun type by referring to the theoretical framework. Each pronoun type consisted of five task items. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 39 Next, the writer computed the mean percentage of the students with incorrect answers on each pronoun type. The formula is as follows: P m = ∑ P n Where: P m = mean percentage on each pronoun type ∑ P = the total percentage of all task items of each pronoun type n = the number of task items of each pronoun type there are five task items for each pronoun type The mean percentage of the students making incorrect answers on each pronoun type Pronoun types The mean percentage Subjective Personal Pronouns Objective Personal Pronouns Possessive Personal Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns The result of the mean percentage would determine the pronoun type which mostly caused comprehension problems to the eighth grade students. If the mean percentage showed high percentage more than 50 percent, it meant that the average numbers of students who experienced problems in comprehending certain pronoun type was higher than those who did not experience problems in comprehending certain pronoun type. In the other hand, if the mean percentage showed low percentage less than 50 percent, it meant that the average numbers of students who experienced problems in comprehending certain pronoun type was lower than those who did not experience problems in comprehending certain pronoun type. By computing the mean percentage of each pronoun type, the writer would be able to determine the pronoun type which mostly caused comprehension PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 40 problems to the eighth grade students. The pronoun type which showed the highest percentage among the other pronoun types was the pronoun type which mostly caused comprehension problems to the eighth grade students. Secondly, the writer computed the percentage of students who made incorrect answers in the comprehension task part B. The formula of the computation is as follows: P = C x 100 N Where: P = percentage of the students who make incorrect answers on each task item C = the number of students who made incorrect answers on the item N = the total number of students involved in this study The percentage on each task item Task items Students with incorrect answers Item number 1 Item number 2 Item number 3 Item number 4 etc. Then, the writer classified each item into each pronoun function by referring to the theoretical framework. There were five numbers of task items of each pronoun function. Afterward, the writer computed the mean percentage of the students with incorrect answers on each pronoun function. The formula is as follows: P m = ∑ P n PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 41 Where: P m = mean percentage on each pronoun function ∑ P = the total percentage of all task items of each pronoun function n = the number of task items of each pronoun function there are five task items for each pronoun function The mean percentage of the students making incorrect answers on each pronoun function Pronoun functions The mean percentage Subject Function Object Function Complement Function The result of the mean percentage would determine the pronoun function which mostly caused comprehension problems to the eighth grade students. If the mean percentage showed high percentage more than 50 percent, it meant that the average numbers of students who experienced problems in comprehending certain pronoun function was higher than those who did not experience problems in comprehending certain pronoun function. In the other hand, if the mean percentage showed low percentage less than 50 percent, it meant that the average numbers of students who experienced problems in comprehending certain pronoun function was lower than those who did not experience problems in comprehending certain pronoun function. By computing the mean percentage of each pronoun type, the writer would be able to determine the pronoun function which mostly caused comprehension problems to the eighth grade students. The pronoun function which showed the highest percentage among the other pronoun PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 42 types was the pronoun function which mostly caused comprehension problems to the eighth grade students. Thirdly, the writer analyzed the task items in which most students made incorrect answers. After that, the writer coded the data from the interview results and observations results into categories to make the data manageable Nusyirwan, 2008. In doing the coding process, the writer labeled the categories with terms listed in the list of coding. Then, the writer made an interpretation or meaning of the data from the interview results and the observations concerning the students’ general opinions in the given tasks and also the possible causes of the problems experiencing by the students in comprehending pronouns in narrative texts see appendix C and appendix D. The data from the interviews and observations helped the writer to complete the analysis on the task items. By referring to the theoretical framework, all of the data were analyzed to discover the answer for the third research problem, namely, to analyze the possible causes of the pronoun comprehension problems experienced by the eighth grade students of junior high school.

F. Research Procedure