34 comprehension task part B, the students had to demonstrate their knowledge
or ability in comprehending the pronoun functions by answering banked gap- filling tasks. The students were required to restore the missing words Alderson
et al., 1995. Each of the missing words or phrases was included in a list. The deletion of the words had been specially selected by the writer to examine
chosen aspects of reading comprehension see appendix B. The blueprints of the pronoun comprehension task are as follow:
Table 3.1 Comprehension task part A Pronoun types
Number of items
Subjective Personal Pronouns
5 items Objective Personal
Pronouns 5 items
Possessive Personal Pronouns
5 items Reflexive Pronouns
5 items
Table 3.2 Comprehension task part B
Pronoun functions Number of items
Subject Function 5 items
Object Function 5 items
Complement Function 5 items
2. Interview
The second instrument used in this study was interview. According to Ary et al. 2002, there are two basic types of questions used in an interview.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
35 There are open-ended and closed questions. This distinction is based on the
nature of the response desired from the respondents. In open-ended question interview, the respondents freely give their responses to answer the questions
instead of being restricted to choose several alternative options. While in closed question interview, the respondents are given various alternative
response options. In this study, the writer employed the open-ended question interview in
order to answer the third research problem, which is to analyze the possible causes of the problems experienced by the eighth grade students of junior high
school in comprehending pronouns in narrative texts. By doing the open-ended interview, the writer might ask the participants about “the fact of a matter as
well as their opinions about events” Yin, 2003. The writer also employed probing questions to pursue deeper information related to the possible causes of
the problems experienced by the students in comprehending pronouns in narrative texts.
The writer conducted interviews outside the classroom meeting. The interviews involved only ten students of the eighth grade at SMP Negeri 1
Bantul . The other participants were not willing to have interviews with the
writer because they already had activities after school time. In carrying out the interview, the writer used simple language in Bahasa Indonesia to enable the
students understand the questions. The major points of the interview were summarized in Table 3.3, while the samples of the interviews were enclosed in
appendix C.
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36
Table 3.3 Points of interview
No. POINTS 1.
2. Students’ opinion about the given task in general
Students’ opinion about the possible causes of their problems a.
semantic content of pronouns b.
distance c.
syntactic functions d.
semantic complexity e.
potential antecedents f.
vocabulary
3. Observation
