thing in the meaning construction. The whole meaning could be understood in relation with other themes as well as participants’ background and previous
horizon about vocabulary learning. The order of the data presentation which was found in chapter four was the story about participants’ life, individual depiction,
and composite depiction.
D. DATA ANALYSIS
Creswell 2012 proposes six steps in analyzing qualitative data. As the nature of data in this study was qualitative, which were empirical and
transcendent meaning obtained from participants’ lived experience, the steps that Creswell 2012 was suitable to be used in analyzing data. The six steps were 1
preparing and organizing the data for analysis, 2 exploring and coding the data, 3 coding to build description and themes, 4 reporting qualitative findings and
interpreting findings, and 5 validating the accuracy of the findings Creswell, 2012: pp.261-262. In the first step, I typed field notes that I obtained from two
observations in two classes. The field notes were written chronologically starting from the beginning up to the end of the lesson. After I finished doing it, I read the
participants’ personal notes. Then, I did verbatim of the interview results. This is what Moustakas 1990: p. 51 called as “entering into materials in timeless
immersion”. It was important because only by doing so, I was able to understand all the things which constructed meaning in students’ life especially on
vocabulary learning using the IPALL. In the second and the third steps, I read the lived experience which I had
obtained from the interviews carefully so that I obtained general description about
the experience. This time, I adopted selective approach proposed by Manen 1990: p.94-95 in which I read every sentence carefully. By using this approach
coding was easier as well as obtaining themes. In relation with the coding process, it was necessary to know what was meant by a code. Saldana 2009: p. 3 as
quoted in De Witt 2013 stated that “A code, in qualitative inquiry, is most often a word or short phrase that symbolically assigns a summative, salient, essence-
capturing, andor evocative attribute for a portion of language-based or visual data.”
Hence, the texts were given codes which enabled the readers to recognize the essence of the texts and what themes the texts belong to. There were some
coding methods and this research adapted some of the methods. This research used descriptive coding method. It functioned to give labels to texts based on its
main topics Hedlund-de Witt, 2013. In this research it was called as themes. The labels were not in complete word forms. What was written as the labels was the
first three or four letters of the words or phrases. It was also chosen because Saldana 2009 as quoted in De Witt 2013 stated that “Descriptive coding……is
considered a good technique for beginners. In the fourth and fifth step, I reported lived experience and interpreted
empirical and transcendent meaning which was shaped by the lived experience. Then, in the last step, I came back to the participants. I showed the interpretation
of meaning to the participants’ so that the interpretation was really what the participants’ actually meant and they could help me by adding or reducing things
which were not exactly like what they meant. Once the last step was conducted,
