Computer as a Mediated Tool

confirmed and thus, it is not recorded and it affects their score. The instruction not to forget clicking the button is stated in the IPALL. However, reminding students to always be careful and not to forget to click the button every time they work using IPALL is suggested. The last feature is navigation arrows. Dwijatmoko 2015: in print mentions that it functions “to move to the next or the previous question.” Having navigation arrows is important as it enables the users to go to the previous or the next pages. It also enables students to easily move to the next pages. They will not get confused because the navigation arrows that they need are already there. They will not go to the wrong pages. IPALL is accessible both at school and at home. At school, the teachers usually save the IPALL files in the computer in the language laboratory and they can also upload the files in a website called ELTgallery. It enables the students to access the files from home or some other places which have internet connection. IPALL is equipped with feedback box feature. However, IPALL does not exactly explain the reason why certain answers are right or wrong. Thus, students need to discuss the exercises with the teachers at school. The term ‘interactive’ in this research is more specific. It is not about students and students or students and teachers interaction but it is like what Reeves and Herdberg 2003 states, “…learners interact to process, tasks to accomplish, and a problem to solve…an interactive learning system requires a digital device equipped with a microprocessor e.g., a computer and at least one human being a learner.” In relation with this study, the type of interaction is mostly the interaction between students and media. The other types of interaction are still necessary. Yet, when talking about IPALL in CALL environment in this research, it refers to students and media interaction. The following pictures are the examples of IPALL exercises. Question 2 Emmy got 100 and Mia got 60 in the final test. Emmy is really____than Mia. A. more intelligent B. more smarter C. intelligent D. smartest Excellent Your answer is correct. Score: 7.4 A Answer: A Picture 2.1. An Example of IPALL Multiple Choice Exercise Picture 2.2. An Example of IPALL Matching Exercises

5. Vocabulary Learning

Theories about vocabulary learning are presented because this research itself is related to vocabulary learning. It is important to understand the nature and the types of vocabulary learning which are commonly used in the classrooms. It is to highlight the importance of vocabulary learning as a part of English learning because “a large vocabulary is an asset to readers....” Harmon Wood: 2008. The theories about vocabulary will later be connected to how IPALL can facilitate vocabulary learning both in the classrooms and outside classrooms. In other words, it will relate to what IPALL as a learning medium can offer to students.

a. Nature of Vocabulary Learning

Vocabulary has been a part of English learning. Vocabulary is defined as “all the words in a particular language” Wehmeier, et al.,2005: 1707 as quoted in Cahyono Widiati: 2008. To be able to read, write, listen, and speak in English, students need to know sufficient amount of English vocabulary. It is because vocabulary is essential for students in order to be able to develop their skills in English which can facilitate communication. It is what Cahyono Widiati 2008 emphasize that “...increasing vocabulary provides the basis for developing students’ ability in communicating.” The more vocabulary that students know, the easier it is for them to communicate. Vocabulary is necessary to be taught. However, its learning process is complex in nature. It is complex because it does not only involve knowing some aspects which constitute word knowledge but it is also incremental in nature. Schmitt 2000 gives an example of the incremental nature of vocabulary.