Theoretical Framework LITERATURE REVIEW

C. Method of the Study

In order to make the analyzing process better, the method which is used to conduct this study is distinguished into two other parts. Those method are described as follow: 1. Data Collection The data is taken from Coldplay’s song lyrics. First, this study chooses several parts of lyrics from different titles which contain metaphoric expressions. After that, those metaphoric expressions which had been collected are made into a list. To make it structured better, the data are put into different classifications of metaphor where they are suitted on. 2. Data Analysis The classification of metaphor based on the data should be determined first. This section is done in order to see its influence to the metaphorical meaning seen through the classification. After the classification is made, this present study continues to analyze the metaphorical meaning of each metaphoric expression. The steps start from defining lexical meaning of the metaphoric expression. After that, it continues to define metaphorical meaning by seeing the relation of the context of the song and characteristics of each lexical and metaphorical meaning. The example was taken from a metaphoric expression Youre such a precious jewel in Coldplay’s Magic. Precious jewel Expensive gems which makes it so worth to be kept Signifier Signified Lexically, precious jewel means expensive things wore by women in order to make them more fancy and beautiful. The semantic properties of precious jewel which are found based on its lexical meaning are described as follow: Precious jewel= + beautiful + worth - human The next step is defining metaphor meaning of metaphoric expression precious jewel. It is not so different with the lexical semantics one. The same example, precious jewel, which contained metaphoric expressionis used to describe a human while lexically precious jewel is a jewellery. So, this metaphoric expression describes a human who is so beautiful and precious because she is compared to a jewel. Precious jewel Expensive gems Beautiful and worth woman which is worth to be kept Literal meaning Transferred meaning + beautiful Precious jewel= + worth + human 23

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter discusses the answer of the problems which have been presented in the first chapter. According to the problem formulation, this research divides metaphoric expression s which are found in Coldplay’s song lyrics into several types.

A. The Classifications of Metaphors

In order to narrow the scope of metaphor’s classifications which found in Coldplay’s song lyrics, this study used types of metaphor which are presented by Mildred L. Larson. In her book entitled Meaning-Based Translation: A Guide to Cross-Language Equivalence, Larson distinguished metaphor into two classifications, they are dead metaphor and live metaphor. The description of both classifications of metaphor include their placement based on the song lyrics are as follow:

1. Dead Metaphor

Dead metaphor is a figurative language with popular usage. It uses conventional or daily expression so that people are familiar with it. People do not longer put their attention to the point why dead metaphor expressions were formed because they are used in daily usage. When a dead metaphor is used, the person listening or reading does not thing about the primary sense of the words, but only about the idiomatic sense directly Larson, 1998: 274.