not being misinterpreted into lexical meaning. On the other hand, this present study also expects that the present study’s readers can apply the strategies to
analysis metaphorical meaning.
D. Definition of Terms
In order to avoid misunderstanding on certain terms, definition of several words will be explained here.
The word that is mentioned quite much in this study is semantics. Semantics is the technical term used to refer to the study of meaning Palmer, 1976: 1.
Meaning can be said as a definition of words, but it is not simply what is stated on dictionary. Meaning of a word is based on many linguistic features such as
phonology, morphology, and syntax because it covers many aspects of language in the way they should be described. The semantic feature which is used in the
process of conducting this present study is lexical semantics. Lexical meaning is meaning of a word which is based on dictionary
Djajasudarma, 1993:34. So, it shows the literal meaning of the word. In order to make it simple, a concrete example to describe lexical meaning is the
meaning of rabbit is an animal with long ears and a small tail. Metaphor is the other word that is mentioned quite much in previous parts
of this present study. A metaphor is actually one part of linguistic features in semantic field. Metaphor is a word which appears with literal meaning and one
or more transferred meaning Palmer, 1976: 103. It can be said that a metaphor
uses different words to describe something without going out of the context. For example, a person wants to describe rich people without telling exactly what he
or she is meant to say. In order to tell the same description, she or he may use people with fancy car and a mansion on his pocket to describe the word rich.
Other terms related to metaphor which is mentioned quite much are metaphoric expression and metaphorical meaning. Metaphoric expression is the expression
which contains metaphor in it, while metaphorical meaning is the extension meaning beside the literal meaning of the expression.
.
7
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Review of Related Studies
This part discusses about several similar topics with this study which have been done by some researchers. The review of other studies is
including the topics, the focuses, the theories used, and the different part from this study.
1. “Metaphors in English and Indonesian Football News as Found in The
Jakarta Post and Harian Kompas from 15 to 31 March 2010 ” by Haryo
Dimasto Kristiyanto
Kristiyanto ’s thesis discusses about metaphoric expression that is
used in football news. He chose newspaper both in English and Indonesian to analyze each metaphor he found and divided them based on the
characteristics. The Jakarta Post and Harian Kompas were chosen as his source to collect all the metaphoric expressions he needed.
His purpose to conduct the study was he realized that metaphor has been a concept in human’s mind and he wanted to analyse what metaphors are
usually used in football context. By using reduction and presentation methods, he expected to recognize the kinds of metaphor used in football terms.
This present study has different focus from Kristiyanto ’s thesis.
While his thesis focuses on dividing the kinds of metaphoric expressions used in football terms by grouping them based on their characteristic, this study
beside focuses on the type of metaphoric expressions, it also focuses on the meaning of it
by using symbol’s interpretation. This study also expects to find another similar expressionsthat may replace the original expressions stated in
the lyrics.
2. “The Accuracy, Acceptability, and Translation Strategies of Indonesian
Metaphors Translation in Twilight ” by Yoana Gita Pradny Lengari
Lengari ’s thesis discusses about the metaphor translation from
source language into target language. As many expressions stated differently in each country, there is also difference in some expressions between English
and Indonesian language. According to Lengari, analysing the metaphor translation becomes interesting because it is hard enough to ignore the
different culture concept of in expressing words. She used more about translation strategies to conduct her thesis
like the accuracy and acceptability strategies. She also used questioner method to collect the data she needed to analyse the accuracy and the acceptability
parts. Though this present study and Lengari
’s thesis focus on metaphoric expressions, there is a different which located in the problem that
should be analysed. While Lengari ’s thesis focuses on its accuracy and
acceptability, this present study focuses on the type of metaphoric expressions and the other words that may change the original metaphoric expression of the
lyrics whether it uses another kinds of metaphor or uses literal words that suit the previous expressions.
