The following table presented the respondents of the survey study:
Table 3.1: The Description of the Students Respondents
Sex The Student’s
Grade in Elementary School
Age in years
F M 4
th
5
th
6
th
9-10 10-11
11 Student 1
Student 2
Table 3.2: The Description of the English Teacher, the English Instructors, and the Lecturer
Respondents Sex Educational
Background Teaching Experiences
in years F M D3
S1 S2 S3 1-10 11-20
21-30 30
English teacher
English instructor
1 English
instructor 2
Lecturer
C. Research Instruments
The writer used three kinds of instruments: observation, interview and questionnaires. The instruments which were used to gather data from the
respondents include:
1. The instruments for research and information collecting
a. Observation
The writer observed the sixth grade students in every English lesson. The writer conducted the observation four times every Tuesday
because English lesson was taught every Tuesday and it took two 2 contact hours 70 minutes in each meeting. The writer observed the
students’ behavior in learning English lesson in the class, the teacher’s way in carrying out the teaching and learning activities, and the
classroom’s facilities. The result of observation can be seen in the appendix.
b. Pre-design questionnaire
A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering
information from respondents. Although they are often designed for statistical analysis of the responses, this is not always the case. The
questionnaire was invented by Sir Francis Galton. Questionnaires have advantages over some other types of
surveys in that they are cheap, do not require as much effort from the questionnaire as verbal or telephone surveys, and often have
standardized answers that make it simple to compile data. However, such standardized answers may frustrate users. Questionnaires are also
sharply limited by the fact that respondents must be able to read the questions and respond to them.
Since the pre-design questionnaire respondents were the sixth grade students of elementary school, the writer employed closed-ended
questionnaires with dichotomous questions yesno questions to ease the students to state their answers or opinions. The pre-design
questionnaires were distributed to the sixth grade students of Kanisius Babadan elementary school which covered fourteen 14
students in the classroom. These questionnaires were used to obtain the students’
needs and difficulties in learning English, and the media for teaching learning activity. The form of the pre-design questionnaire can be seen
in the appendix.
c. Interview
An interview is a conversation between two or more people the interviewer and the interviewee where questions are asked by the
interviewer to obtain information from the interviewee. Interviews can be divided into two basic types, interviews of assessment and
interviews for information. According to Gay 1992:231, an interview is the oral, in person, administration of questionnaires to teach member
of the sample. The interview was conducted in order to find the information about
the students’ needs in sixth grade of elementary school. It was done because the writer needed further information about teacher’s
background, the method that was usually used to teach, the learning media, and the teacher’s expectation. The result of the interview used
to obtain information about the appropriate activities, the objectives, the topics, and the resources. The list of interview questions can be
seen in the appendix.
2. The instruments for preliminary field testing
