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group A
1
B
1
versus A
2
B
1
, group A
1
B
2
versus A
2
B
2
, it is possible to identify the
C. Subjects of the Study
1. Population
Ary 1985:138 states that the larger group about which the generalization is made is called a population. A population is de
members of any well- is the group to which the researcher would like to the result of the study to
be generalization Frankel and Wallen,1993: 554. Based on the theory above, it can be concluded that population is all subjects or individuals with
certain characteristics that will be analyzed. Related to the definition, the population of this research is the eleventh grade students of MAN 1
Ponorogo for the academic year 2011-2012. The total number of it is 120 students who are divided into 5 classes.
2. Sample
In Educationa l Resea rch, Qua ntita tive and Qualitative Approaches,
Johnson and Christensen 2000:158 explain that sample is a set of elements
that taken from a large population according to the certain rules. Frankel and Wallen 1993:556 state that sample is the group in which information is
obtained, preferably selected in such way that the sample represents the larger group.
Considering the definition above, it can be inferred that the same sample should represent the same population because a sample is a part of
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population. In this study, the writer only takes two classes of the first semester of the eleventh grade students of MAN I Ponorogo as the sample.
One class Class XI IPS 2 used as the experimental group and the other one Class XI IPA 1 as the control group. Each class consists of 24 students.
3. Sampling
A technique used for getting sample is sampling. Sampling is the process of drawing a sample from population Christensen, 2000:156.
Frankel and Wallen define that sampling is the process of selecting a number of individuals a sample from a population, preferably in such way
that the individual represent the larger group from which they were selected. In addition, in
Introduction to Resea rch in Educa tion
, Ary 1985:143 defines as follows:
The researcher would choose a number of schools randomly from a list of schools and then include all the students in those schools in
the sample. This kind is probability sampling is referred to as cluster sampling since the unit chosen is not an individual but a group of
individuals who are naturally together. These individuals constitute a cluster insofar as they are alike with represent to characteristic
relevant to the variables of the study. Seeing the definition above, the writer intends to take cluster random
sampling in getting two classes. The major concern is determining the cluster random sampling is that every class or unit has an equal chance of
being selected from the frame of list. The cluster random sampling, in this study, is chosen randomly from the population of clusters and then one
cluster is selected. It means that all the members of the cluster must be included in the sample.
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D. Techniques of Collecting the Data
Kategori