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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A scientific framework needs some theories that support the fundamental though. In accordance with the topic that will be discussed in the thesis, this chapter
will discuss theoretical description underlying the research, rationale, and hypotheses.
A. Reading Comprehension
1. The Definition of Reading
In the field of language teaching, reading is becoming more important as
knowledge. The discussion of the nature of reading, in general, cannot be separated
from different ways of defining the term of reading. Grabe and Stollen 2002: 9 defines that reading is the ability to draw meaning from the printed page and
interpret this information appropriately. Finocchiaro 1974: 77 states that reading is getting meaning from the
printed or written material. To helping students comprehend the written material in a text that the teacher given to them, teachers should give them the knowledge
and the ability to be able to read other material with easy and enjoyment. Williams 1984:2 defines reading as a process whereby one looks at and
merely reading aloud without understanding does not count as reading.
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Urguhart 1998:5 states that reading involves processing languages message. Furthermore, he also defines that reading is a process of receiving and
interpreting information encoded in language via the medium of print 1998:22. Leipzig 2001: 1 states reading is a multifaceted process involving
word recognition, comprehension, fluency and motivation. He also says that reading is making meaning from print that requires: 1. identify the word in print
a process called word recognition, 2. construct an understanding from them process called comprehension, 3 coordinate indentifying words and making
meaning so that reading is automatic and accurate an achievement called fluency.
Further, Kennedy 1995: 5 states that reading is the ability of an individual to recognize a visual form, associate the form with a sound or
meaning acquired in the past, and on the basis of past experience, understand and interpret its meaning.
information between the writer and the reader. The reader tries to understand ideas that the writer has put in print. Muh Kusen in Cahyono 2011: 87 states
Moreover, the meaning is not obtained in the words on the page but it is the end result of the interactive process between the text and the reader. In other words,
the reader brings in his or her background knowledge schema, linguistics competence and cultural awareness to extract meaning from a given text.
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Patel and Jain 2008: 113 state that reading means to understand the meaning of printed words i.e. written symbols. Reading is an active process
which consists of recognition and recognition comprehension skill. Reading is an important activity in life with which one can update hisher knowledge.
Referring to the definition above, reading can be concluded as follows:
1. Reading is an active process of finding the meaning through printed
material. Moreover, reading is process of communication between the
the text. 2.
Reading is to get understanding of passage as reading for comprehension. Therefore, the reader who is doing comprehending should apply reading
comprehension skills or abilities in enabling to understand literal, inferential, and evaluation.
3. ning in
the passage. From the explanation above it can be concluded that reading is an
active process in which a reader, a text and the writer are involved to find the
from the text.
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2. The Purpose of Reading