43 4.
Changes in practice are based on the collection of information or data which provides the impetus for change.
Based on those features of action research, there are some points to be highlighted. First, action research involves action in that it seeks to bring about
change, specifically in local education contexts. It is also research because it entails the collection and analysis of data. Finally, it is participatory and
collaborative in that teachers work together to examine their classrooms. This action research will be conducted using the spiral model of action
research proposed by Kemmis and McTaggart, the research design could be illustrated as follows:
Figurre 3.1 Cycle of Action Research Kemmis and McTaggart Model Burns 2010 states that there are four broad phases in a cycle of research
done by using Kemmis and McTaggart model; planning, action, observation,
44 reflection. The first cycle may become a continuing, or iterative, spiral of cycles
which recur until the action researcher has achieved a satisfactory outcome and feels it is time to stop.
B. Research Setting
This research was conducted in SMAN 1 Pengasih. It is located in Jl. KRT Kertodiningrat 41 Margosari Pengasih, Kulon Progo. The school has some
facilities such as a principal’s room, a vice principals’ room, a teacher’s room, 19 classrooms, a meeting room, an administration room, a room for guidance
and counselling, a school health unit, a mosque, a library, five laboratories, a music room, an Audio Visual Aid AVA room, sport fields, an OSIS room, a
guest room, and other supporting facilities. For teaching and learning process, this school has 19 classrooms with 6
classes for grade X, 6 classes for grade XI, and 7 classes for grade XII. They are divided into 5 classes for grade X regular, 1 class for grade X sport class, 3
classes for grade XI science program, 3 classes for grade XI social program, 3 classes for grade XII science program, and 4 classes for grade XII social
program.
C. Research Subjects
The subjects of the research were the students of XI IPA 1 of SMAN 1 Pengasih in the academic year of 2013 2014. There were 27 students in this
45 class. They we
re chosen based on the researcher’s observation during
PPL
where the researcher found the problems explained in the previous chapter.
D. Data Collection
1. Types of Data
There are two main categories of data called quantitative and qualitative. Koshy explained that quantitative data can be measured and represented by
numbers. This kind of data could be presented in the form of tables and charts. Besides, qualitative data could be presented in the form of transcripts,
descriptions, and document for analysis Koshy, 2005: 86.
2. Data Collection Techniques and Instruments
There were two types of data that gathered in this research. They are qualitative data and quantitative data. The qualitative data were gathered through
several techniques. The first technique was observation. Observation sheet used to observe the English teaching and learning process in the classroom. The data
gathered through observation presented in the form of field notes and vignettes. The second technique was interview. The researcher used interview to find out
the teacher’s opinion toward the implementation of the strategy. To help the researcher kept the discussion on the track, interview guidelines were used. The
interviews were resulted in interview transcripts. A recorder and a camera also used to record the teaching and learning process, the data presented in the form
of videos and photographs.
