455 – 462. Earlier reviews: 1999, 16, 499 – 507; 1998, 15, 363 – 370. This is produced in exactly the same way

FURTHER READING 399 Singh S 2000 Chemistry, design, and structure– activity relationship of cocaine antagonists. Chem Rev 100, 925 – 1024. Woolverton WL and Johnson KM 1992 Neurobiology of cocaine abuse. Trends in Pharmacological Sci- ences 13 , 193 – 200. Epibatidine Daly JW, Garaffo HM, Spande TF, Decker MW, Sulli- van JP and Williams M 2000 Alkaloids from frog skin: the discovery of epibatidine and the potential for developing novel non-opioid analgesics. Nat Prod Rep 17 , 131 – 135. Szantay C, Kardos-Balogh Z and Szantay C Jr 1995 Epibatidine. The Alkaloids, Chemistry and Phar- macology ed Cordell GA Vol 46. Academic, San Diego, pp 95 – 125. Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Hartmann T 1999 Chemical ecology of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Planta 207, 483 – 495. Hartmann T and Witte L 1995 Chemistry, biology and chemoecology of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Alkaloids, Chemical and Biological Perspectives ed Pelletier SW Vol 9. Wiley, New York, 155– 233. Liddell JR 2000 Pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep

17, 455 – 462. Earlier reviews: 1999, 16, 499 – 507; 1998, 15, 363 – 370.

Robins DJ 1995 Biosynthesis of pyrrolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids. The Alkaloids, Chemistry and Pharmacology ed Cordell GA Vol 46. Academic, San Diego, pp 1– 61. Piperidine Alkaloids O’Hagan D 2000 Pyrrole, pyrrolidine, pyridine, piperi- dine and tropane alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep 17, 435 – 446. Earlier reviews: 1997, 14, 637 – 651; Plun- kett AO 1994 11, 581 – 590. Schneider MJ 1996 Pyridine and piperidine alkaloids: an update. Alkaloids, Chemical and Biological Per- spectives ed Pelletier SW Vol 10. Elsevier, Ams- terdam, pp 155 – 299. Indolizidine and Quinolizidine Alkaloids Michael JP 2000 Indolizidine and quinolizidine alka- loids. Nat Prod Rep 17, 579 – 602. Earlier reviews: 1999, 16, 675 – 696; 1998, 15, 571 – 594. Takahata H and Momose T 1993 Simple indolizidine alkaloids. The Alkaloids, Chemistry and Pharmacol- ogy ed Cordell GA Vol 44. Academic, San Diego, pp 189 – 256. Ohmiya S, Saito K and Murakoshi I 1995 Lupine alkaloids. The Alkaloids, Chemistry and Pharmacol- ogy ed Cordell GA Vol 47. Academic, San Diego, pp 1 – 114. Robins DJ 1995 Biosynthesis of pyrrolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids. The Alkaloids, Chemistry and Pharmacology ed Cordell GA Vol 46. Academic, San Diego, pp 1 – 61. Castanospermine Burgess K and Henderson I 1992 Synthetic approa- ches to stereoisomers and analogues of castanosper- mine. Tetrahedron 48, 4045 – 4066. Nash RJ, Watson AA and Asano N 1996 Polyhy- droxylated alkaloids that inhibit glycosidases. Alka- loids, Chemical and Biological Perspectives ed Pelletier SW Vol 11. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 345 – 376. Piperidine Alkaloids O’Hagan D 2000 Pyrrole, pyrrolidine, pyridine, piperi- dine and tropane alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep 17, 435 – 446. Earlier reviews: 1997, 14, 637 – 651; Plun- kett AO 1994 11, 581 – 590. Schneider MJ 1996 Pyridine and piperidine alkaloids: an update. Alkaloids, Chemical and Biological Per- spectives ed Pelletier SW Vol 10. Elsevier, Ams- terdam, pp 155 – 299. Vitamin B 3 Van Arnum SD 1998 Vitamins niacin, nicotinamide, and nicotinic acid. Kirk–Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology , 4th edn, Vol 25. Wiley, New York, pp 83 – 99. Tobacco Baker R and Proctor C 2001 Where there’s smoke. Chem Brit 37 1, 38 – 41. Botting NP 1995 Chemistry and biochemistry of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. Chem Soc Rev 24 , 401 – 412. Hucko F, Tsetlin VI and Machold 1996 The emerg- ing three-dimensional structure of a receptor. The 400 ALKALOIDS nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Eur J Biochem 239, 539 – 557. Nathan A 1998 Smoking cessation products. Pharm J

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