Type of Research Form, Context and Source of Data

E. Techniques of Data Analysis

According to Vanderstoep and Johnston 2009: 191 data analysis should follow after the data are collected and the initial analysis should verify the focus and strategies of the data collection process. Therefore, after the data collection, the process was continued by categorization and analysis. In this research, the techniques of data analysis were conversation analysis and referential analysis. Conversation analysis was used to help the researcher to interpret the data. Vanderstoep and Johnston 2009: 213 state conversation analysis is used in the interpretation of a naturally occurring conversation. Furthermore, in this research, conversation analysis was used to analyze the types and functions of the utterances in the mixed-sex conversations. In addition, referential analysis was used to analyze the data by referring back to the theory. In analyzing the data, the research took the following steps. 1. The data were classified into the data sheet based on the types and functions of interruption. 2. The types and functions of interruption were described and analyzed by referring to the theories that were presented in the literature review. 3. The data were consulted to the supervisors and linguistics students to check the data trustworthiness. 4. The findings were presented and concluded to answer the questions of the research. 5.

F. Data Trustworthiness

In qualitative research, it is important to prove that the analysis of the research findings is completely correct. To gain trustworthiness of this study, the data were checked against two criteria: validity and reliability. Reliability, according to Wiersma 1995: 222, is used to check the consistency in the research process. This process, in this research, was conducted by analyzing the collected data by multiple observers. On the other hand, validity was used to check the logical analysis of the data analysis in this research. In qualitative research, the concept of validity and reliability is called as triangulation. Denzin in Ritchie and Lewis 2003: 275 propose two ways to validate a qualitative research. They are internal and external validation. Internal validation is divided into constant comparative method and deviant case analysis. Meanwhile, external validation is divided into triangulation and member or respondent validation. Due to the limitation of the researcher’s time, this research only employed external validation, i.e. triangulation, to validate the research data. There are several ways to triangulate the data. One of the ways is triangulation through multiple analysis using different observers, interviewers, or analysts to compare and check data collection and interpretation Ritchie and Lewis, 2003: 276. In this research, triangulation was done by discussion and consultation to the supervisors and the peer reviewers.