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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of Research
This research was conducted by using mixed method of qualitative and quantitative method. The qualitative method was used to describe the results of the
quantitative analysis. According to Hancock, Ockleford and Windridge 2009: 7, qualitative research is a type of research which focuses on description and
interpretation of social phenomena. In this research, the findings were presented in a description to give a deeper understanding towards the result of the research.
Qualitative research also focuses on people’s life experiences and interpretations of those experiences Vanderstoep and Johnston, 2009: 168. It fitted
this research as this study aimed to find and describe types and functions of interruption in mixed-sex conversations in Gossip Girl TV series. To support the
qualitative analysis, the data were also analyzed quantitatively with percentages showing the occurence of interruption. The percentages were used to show the most
often and the least prominent types of interruption in mixed-sex conversations in Gossip Girl TV series.
B. Form, Context and Source of Data
The data of this research were in the form of the utterances spoken by the characters of Gossip Girl TV series within mixed-sex conversations. Meanwhile, the
context of this research was dialogues that contained interruption.
In addition, the source of data of this research was the videos of the first season of Gossip Girl TV series. Episode 5, 6, 7, 9, and 12 were chosen as the
samples of the first season in this TV series since the occurrence of interruption is clearly visible in these episodes.
C. Instruments of the Research
This research was basically qualitative. Therefore, the researcher became the key instrument of this research. Croker in Heigham, 2009: 11 states that in
qualitative research, the researcher becomes the primary research instrument as heshe takes a role as the designer, the collector, the analyst, the interpreter, and the
reporter of the data. In addition, this research was also supported by the second instrument which was the data sheet. It was employed to note the occurrence of
interruption in mixed-sex conversations from the selected episodes of Gossip Girl TV series.
D. Techniques of Data Collection
Vanderstoep and Johnston 2009: 189 state that the data collection techniques in qualitative research include interviewing, ethnographic observation,
analysis of documents and material culture, and visual analysis. In this research, the data were collected using the technique of visual analysis. Visual analysis is the
interpretation of mediated communication such as films or television programs. Therefore, the data were collected by interpreting the videos and it was supported by
considering the contexts shown in the video. In collecting the data, the researcher took the following steps:
1. watching the selected episodes from the first season of Gossip Girl TV series,
2. taking notes of the characters’ utterances from the dialogues of the selected
episodes which contained interruption and writing the time of the interruption, and
3. classifying the collected data to the data sheet.
The form of the data sheet is shown below.
Table 1. Sample of Data Sheet of Types and Functions of Interruption in
Gossip Girl TV Series Code
Data
Gender
Types of Interruption
Functions of Interruption Explanation
Cooperative Intrusive
M F
S O
B Si A
As C
D F
Tc T
9500:36:0 1-00:36:05
SERENA: Jennys not so
bad either. DAN: Yeah?
SERENA: Yeah,
DAN: Yeah I-I-I know.
I know.
√ √
√
Serena tells Dan that Jenny is a good girl.
Then, Dan overlaps Serena
because he
agrees with Serena ’s
statement. In
that conversation, overlap
shows the cooperation of those two speakers.
In this case, the type of interruption is overlap
which functions as agreement.
Notes: Types
Functions
S : Simple Interruption
A : Agreement
O : Overlap
As : Assistance
B : Butting-in Interruption
C : Clarification
Si : Silent Interruption
D : Disagreement
1500:06:17-00:06:23: number of F
: Floor Taking dataepisodetime
Tc : Topic Change
T : Tangentialization
E. Techniques of Data Analysis
According to Vanderstoep and Johnston 2009: 191 data analysis should follow after the data are collected and the initial analysis should verify the focus and
strategies of the data collection process. Therefore, after the data collection, the process was continued by categorization and analysis.
In this research, the techniques of data analysis were conversation analysis and referential analysis. Conversation analysis was used to help the researcher to
interpret the data. Vanderstoep and Johnston 2009: 213 state conversation analysis is used in the interpretation of a naturally occurring conversation. Furthermore, in
this research, conversation analysis was used to analyze the types and functions of the utterances in the mixed-sex conversations. In addition, referential analysis was
used to analyze the data by referring back to the theory. In analyzing the data, the research took the following steps.
1. The data were classified into the data sheet based on the types and functions of
interruption. 2.
The types and functions of interruption were described and analyzed by referring to the theories that were presented in the literature review.
3. The data were consulted to the supervisors and linguistics students to check the
data trustworthiness. 4.
The findings were presented and concluded to answer the questions of the research.
5.