F. Data Trustworthiness
In qualitative research, it is important to prove that the analysis of the research findings is completely correct. To gain trustworthiness of this study, the data were
checked against two criteria: validity and reliability. Reliability, according to Wiersma 1995: 222, is used to check the
consistency in the research process. This process, in this research, was conducted by analyzing the collected data by multiple observers. On the other hand, validity was
used to check the logical analysis of the data analysis in this research. In qualitative research, the concept of validity and reliability is called as triangulation.
Denzin in Ritchie and Lewis 2003: 275 propose two ways to validate a qualitative research. They are internal and external validation. Internal validation is
divided into constant comparative method and deviant case analysis. Meanwhile, external validation is divided into triangulation and member or respondent validation.
Due to the limitation of the researcher’s time, this research only employed external
validation, i.e. triangulation, to validate the research data. There are several ways to triangulate the data. One of the ways is
triangulation through multiple analysis using different observers, interviewers, or analysts to compare and check data collection and interpretation Ritchie and Lewis,
2003: 276. In this research, triangulation was done by discussion and consultation to the supervisors and the peer reviewers.
37
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter is concerned with the research results which is divided into two parts namely findings and discussion. It provides the answer of the research
objectives that are to identify and to analyze the types and functions of interruption of mixed-sex conversations in Gossip Girl TV series. In the first part, the types and
functions of interruption are presented. Then the further explanation and analysis of the types and functions of interruption are presented in the second part.
A. Findings
This part shows the findings of interruption in mixed-sex conversations in Gossip Girl TV series. The data were taken from spoken utterances by the characters
in some selected episodes. There are 65 data in this research. The following table shows the frequency of the occurrences of interruption.
Table 2. Frequency of Occurrence of Types and Functions of Interruption in
Gossip Girl TV Series
NO Types of
Interruption Functions
Tota l
P erc
entag e
Cooperative Interruption
Intrusive Interruption
A As
C D
F Tc
T 1.
Simple Interruption -
1 2
1 4
7 4
19 30
2. Overlap
Interruption 8
2 -
5 3
6 9
33 50
3. Butting-in
Interruption -
- -
- 1
- 1
2 3
4. Silent Interruption
- 5
2 1
- -
3 11
17 Total
8 8
4 7
8 13
17 65
100 Percentage
12 12
6 11
12 20
27 100
No. Gender Type of Interruption
Function of Interruption Total
Percent -age
S O
B Si
Cooperative Intrusive
A As
C D
F Tc
T
1. Male
12 24
- 6
4 6
1 6
8 10
7 42
64 2.
Female 7
9 2
5 4
2 3
1 -
3 10
23 36
Total 19
33 2
11 8
8 4
7 8
13 17
65 Percentage
30 50
3 17
12 12
6 11
12 20
27 100
Notes:
S : Simple Interruption
FT : Floor Taking
O : Overlap
T : Tangentialization
B : Butting-in Interruption
A : Agreement
Si : Silent Interruption
As : Assistance
D : Disagreement
C : Clarification
Tc : Topic Change
From 65 occurrences, all types of interruption are found in Gossip Girl TV series. There are simple interruption, overlap interruption, butting-in interruption, and
silent interruption. It shows that overlap interruption has the highest frequency which appears 33 times 50. On the other hand, butting-in interruption occurs only twice
3. Furthermore, the table above also shows the frequency of the functions of
interruption. All functions are found with different frequency of occurrences. The functions of interruption are divided into intrusive and cooperative interruption.
Intrusive interruption has four subcategories namely disagreement, floor taking, topic change and tangentialization. On the other hand, cooperative interruption is classified
into three subcategories; they are agreement, assistance and clarification. Tangentialization of intrusive interruption becomes the most frequent function of
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