B. The Identification of Problem
According to the background of the study above, there are several problems that can be identified in this research:
1. Many students are still confused to use vocabulary in their writing. 2. Many students could not choose and use the suitable and correct
vocabulary. 3. In teaching and learning teachers are seldom use media.
4. Teaching by repetition makes the students feel bored.
C. The Formulation of Problem
Based on the statement above, the writer formulates the problem of the research as followed: Is using crossword puzzle effective in teaching
vocabulary to the 7
th
grade students of MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Ciputat?
D. The Limitation of the Problem
This study was conducted at the second semester 20152016of academic year at 7
th
grade students of MTsMuhammadiyah 1 Ciputat. This research did not focus on teaching vocabulary in general but only focuses on teaching
vocabulary using crossword puzzle which is specifically taught to 7
th
grade of junior high school.
E. The Objective of the Research
The objective of this research is to get empirical evidence of whether or not the using of crossword puzzle in teaching vocabulary to grade VII at MTs
Muhammadiyah1Ciputat is effective.
F. The Significance of the Study
This research is expected to expand the writer‟s insight into crossword
puzzle in teaching vocabulary in particular, and the reader ‟s, in general.
6
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
In this chapter, the writer tries to give clear description of literature review. The sub sections are Vocabulary that consists of The Understanding of Vocabulary and
The Importance of Mastering Vocabulary for Students. This section will be followed by Teaching Vocabulary which consists of What The Students Need to learn, Media
in Teaching Vocabulary,and Principles of Teaching Vocabulary. In the last sub is Game that consists of The Purpose of Game,The Advantages of Game, The
Understanding of Crossword Puzzle, Teaching Vocabulary Using Crossword Puzzle and The Advantages of Crossword Puzzle.
A. Vocabulary
1. The Understanding of Vocabulary
In learning new language, vocabulary is one of the important language components that language learners need to learn. Language learners need a
great range of vocabulary to be able to understand the text written in English, comprehend the message, and speak and write in English.
Several authors have interpreted the meaning of vocabulary in different point of view. Penny Ur defines vocabulary as the words thatteacher teach in
foreign language. However, a new vocabulary may be more than one word which is made up from two or three words that conveys a meaning. Besides,
there are multi-word idioms where the meaning of phrase cannot be concluded from an analysis of component word.
8
Additionally, Richards and Renandya states that vocabulary is one of crucial part in language learning that will
8
Penny Ur, A Course in Language Teaching; Practice and Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991, p. 60.
become a basis of how learners can speak, listen, read and write well.
9
Meanwhile, according to Laurie Bauer vocabulary is about words where they derive from, how they change in different categories, how they relate each
other and also how we use them to see the world.
10
Furthermore, Hatch and Brown that define vocabulary as a set of particular language or a list or set of
words that people can use.
11
Based on the definition above, the writer can say that vocabulary is a set of word that used to express the ideas and learn new subject.
2. The Importance of Mastering Vocabulary for Students
Vocabulary is important for student‟s understanding in four language
skills. Students who have enough vocabulary will find little difficulties in using the language in written and oral form. The roles of vocabulary above
show that vocabulary is important for students because it will help them to understand the task. In addition, there is a relationship between vocabulary
and understanding. If students know the meaning of words, the students will be able to comprehend it. Wilkins as cited in Scott Thornbury state
“without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be
conveyed.
12
Additionally, as stated by David and Vallete in their book that vocabulary is important part in all languages teaching, students must learns words as they
learn grammar and practice pronounciation.
13
Furthermore, McCharty states that vocabulary is the biggest component of any language course. No matter
how well students learn grammar and the sounds of language are mastered,
9
Jack C. Richards and Willy A Renandya, Methodology in Language Teaching: An Anthology of Current Practice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 255.
10
Laurie Bauer, Vocabulary, New York: Routledge, 1998, p. VIII.
11
Evelyn Hatch and Cherryl Brown, Vocabulary, Semantic, and Language Education, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, p. 1.
12
Scott Thornbury, How to Teach Vocabulary, Harlow: Pearson Longman, 2002, p. 13.
13
Edward David and Rebecca M, Vallete, Classroom Tehnique Foreign Language and English as a Second Language, New York: Harcout Brave Javanovich, 1997, p. 149
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