Literature and Sociology The Portrayal of Dictatorship as Reflected in George Orwell’S Novel “Nineteen Eighty-Four”

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2.2 Literature and Sociology

Sociology derives from the Greek ‘Socius’ society and ‘logos’ science which means the study of all aspects of human and their relation in community Ratha, 2003:1. Basically sociology is a field of knowledge which concern about human act, human interaction to their social and to other human. Moreover, as stated in Dictionary of Social Sciences 2002: 453, the term of society was first used by Auguste Comte in 1830s to propose a synthetic science that would unite all knowledge about human activity. So it can be concluded that through sociology we can get a deeper understanding about human because we may figure out the way of human adaptation to the nature, the sociological mechanism of human and other things. In general, the object of Sociology is society. A society is a group of humans or other organisms of a single species that is delineated by the bounds of cultural identity, social solidarity, functional and others. Members of society are may not come from one ethnic group or races. A society may be a particular ethnic group, such as the Bataknese or Javanese; a nation state, such an Indonesia; a party, such PDIP or Golkar; a broader cultural group, such as a Eastern society; or even a social organism such as an ant colony. It can be concluded that there can be a classification in society because it’s a human being to find out the most convenient to them where they might think they belongs to. The sense of belonging, the feeling of one big family based on tribes, nationality, and other things leads a classification in society. Then the classification in the society is naturally arranged by the society itself. Universitas Sumatera Utara 12 Sociology was trying to figure out how society is decent, how it progresses, and how they constantly. By studying social institutions and all the economic problems, religious, political, etc. All of which constitute the social structure we can get the way about human, humans adapt to their environment, about the mechanisms of socialization, acculturation process that puts society in their respective places. Literary sociology comes from sociology and literature. Literature is a reflection of society. Through literature, the author reveal of the problems of life. Literary works receive influence from society and also is able to make an impact on society. Sociology can be defined as the science or systemic knowledge about the life of human groups in relation to other human beings is generally called society. Literature presents a picture of life, and life itself is a social reality. In this sense, life includes relationships between people, between people with individuals, between people, and between the events that occur in someone’s mind. However, the events that occur in someone’s mind that often the material of literature, is a reflection of someone’s relationship with other people or with the public and foster particular social attitudes or even to trigger certain social events. Sociology of literature derived from the sociology and literature. Literature is a reflection of society. through literature, the author reveals the problems of life. Literary works are influenced by the society and at the same time able to make an impact on society. Sociology can be defined as the science or systematic knowledge about the life of human group in relation to other human beings is generally called society. The sociology literature is a subfield of the sociology of culture. It studies Universitas Sumatera Utara 13 the social production of literature and its social implication. Wellek and Warren in Theory of Literature 1976:94 stated “literature is a social institution, using as its medium language, a socialcreation. They are conventions and norm which could have arisen only in society. But, furthermore, literature represent ‘life’ and ‘life’ is, in large measure, a social reality, eventhough the natural world and the inner orsubjective world of the individual have also been objects of literary ‘imitation’. The poet himself is a member of society, possesed of a specific social status; he recieves some degree of social recognition and reward; he addresses an audience, however hypothetical.” Sociological approach most widely practiced today pay great attention to the documentary aspects of literature: the foundation is the idea that literature is a mirror at that time. This view assumes that literature is a direct mirror of the various aspects of the social structure, kinship, class conflict, and others. In this case, the task of sociology of literature is to connect the experience of imaginary characters and situations character creation with the author of the historical circumstances which constitute origin. Themes and styles that exist in the literary work, of a personal nature, it must be change into matters of social nature.

2.3 Historical Approach