13 the social production of literature and its social implication. Wellek and Warren in
Theory of Literature 1976:94 stated “literature is a social institution, using as its medium language, a
socialcreation. They are conventions and norm which could have arisen only in society. But, furthermore, literature represent ‘life’ and ‘life’ is, in large
measure, a social reality, eventhough the natural world and the inner orsubjective world of the individual have also been objects of literary
‘imitation’. The poet himself is a member of society, possesed of a specific social status; he recieves some degree of social recognition and reward; he
addresses an audience, however hypothetical.” Sociological approach most widely practiced today pay great attention to the
documentary aspects of literature: the foundation is the idea that literature is a mirror at that time. This view assumes that literature is a direct mirror of the various aspects
of the social structure, kinship, class conflict, and others. In this case, the task of sociology of literature is to connect the experience of imaginary characters and
situations character creation with the author of the historical circumstances which constitute origin. Themes and styles that exist in the literary work, of a personal
nature, it must be change into matters of social nature.
2.3 Historical Approach
Historical approach is an approach that was associated with the general competencies that are considered relevant history, old literature with kingdoms large, modern
literature with social movements, politics, economics, and culture in general. The essence of literary is imagination has a social and historical context.
Sociology of literature that developed by Goldmann tries to combine the structural analysis with historical materialism and dialectical. For him, literature should be
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14 understood as a meaningful totality Lucien goldman stated in the literature et
sociologie 1967 – 195
…no sociology can be realistic until it is historical, just as no historical research can be scientific and realistic unless it is sociological. Not only are
there no distinctively social fact, and other human facts which are historical: there are not even two analyticaly distinct dimensions of these facts which
could be attached to two difference sciences. Thus the need to study human facts both in their concrete reality requires a method which is simultaneously
both sociological and historical.
Thus the effort to analyze the facts of humanity both in structure and essential and in fact it is concrete that requires a method that simultaneously which is
sociological and historical. If sociology separated from history, it will be inconclusive disciplined and abstract, as well as with history.
2.4 Representation of Dictatorship
Dictator comes from the language Latin is Dictare, which means as a command, a single power holder in running a government in a nation from
Ensiklopedia Indonesia 1989: 822. According to Franz L. Neuman in the Jurnal Ilmu Politik 1993: 39 dictator is government by a person or group who arrogant
and monopolize power in a country and implement their authority without limitation. Definition of dictator itself there are two kinds, namely: 1 the proletarian dictator, it
is located between the capitalist society and communist society. There is a transition period in a period of revolutionary transformation. Capitalist society become
communist society. 2 Military dictator, it is a senior officer or a group officers without giving accountability to the citizens, who get their authority or power by
doing a coup said Miriam Budiardjo in Moral- moral Ilmu Politik 1989: 98.
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15 Jules Archer in Kisah Para Dikatator Biografi Politik Para Penguasa Fasis,
Komunis, Despotis dan Tiran 2007: 21 said that the dictatorship can be divided into two types, namely, first type is military dictator, it is get its power through military
power and second type is political dictator, it is get power through general elections. Dictator is a leader who has absolute power that they obtained through
violence and coups in other words it is not democratic. A leader of nation who run his government in an authoritarian state or tyranny and oppresses his citizens. It is
very detrimental to the People itself. In a government dictator will happen corruption, collusion and nepotism, in the end its people fall into poverty. A dictator
is only think about his personal interest only. By doing so many corruptions in a government. Resulted was damaged to the people, poverty and unemployment surely
very high. The main problem is the poor mental itself leader who failed to become a fair and wise leader. Behavior and character of leaders like this will directly destroy
his integrity and leadership naturally. His position in the eyes of citizens will be destroyed. So, one day there will be a revolution by the citizens.
Dictatorship is single power system ruling is absolute power. The leader was called a dictator, who ruled fully in running power system.Leadership of dictator is
leadership which an absolute, tend to be free from the constitution and the law in his country.
Some reasons for the emergence of dictatorships, among others: a. some authorities are believe and sure that dictator is one and only way to maintain or strengthen their
power for the sake of maintaining national stability. B. Dictator was created to replace the government that is not considered able to save nation from emergency or
security threats. C. Dictatorships were emerged from an ambitious figure that was
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16 able to build a glory and greatness to nation. This power is usually obtained through
a coup during a state in emergency. D. Dictator also born to cover the governments inability manage nation to tackle corruption, social turmoil, financial hardship, and
because of reduced the confidence of people against to authority and government institutions. E. Several of the dictatorships claim themselves did the will of god.
F. Dictator also appears from a chaos of the country. The chaos caused by war or military crisis that ca
n’t be solved by military force in a war. G. Dictatorships also appear because the country wants to make massive changes. H. Dictator also can be
created to deal with the reformers, revolutionaries and rebels. In Encyclopedia 2004: 353.
2.5 Characteristic of Dictatorship
