3. Loan Shift Loan shift is the foreign concepts represented by native form. For example English
Church ,the word church taken From Latin Abbot, Altar, and Canon. And semantic loans which is range expressed by a native form that is extended to include a new and
usually related concept.
16
4. Change of Meaning
That talking about meaning relates to semantic. Semantic is a field do study in linguistics which studies the meaning in language.
17
Semantic is the branch of linguistics having tight relation with other social sciences such as sociology, anthropology, even also
with philosophy and psychology.
18
Therefore the meaning of word in one language has different meaning from other language even the meaning of absorbed words will have
changed from the proto language. According to Ferdinand de Sausure meaning relates to signifier Significant that is
called as the word in the language and signified signifie that is called as the object in the world; it means “stand for”, “refers to” “denotes”. However, both signified and signifier is
strictly a sound image and concept.
19
It is different from Odgen and Richard illustrating a triangle of semantics the relation between that a triangle of semantics which has a meaning. That there are three
components of meaning; they are sign or symbol, reference and different. Symbol is the linguist elements such as words, sentences, phrase etc. The referent is the object while,
16
Op. cit, Hockett, Charles F.p. 408-411
17
Op.cit.Chair,Abdul.P.11
18
ibid
19
S.C DIKJ.G KOOIJ, Ilmu bahasa umum Jakarta, RVL, 1994P.76
thought of reference is concept.
20
Based on that theory there is no direct link between symbol and referent or between language and object in the world without through
“Thought” or “reference”. It is necessary to say something about the way in which words gradually change
their meaning. The branch of linguistic study which concerns it self with the meanings of words and the way meaning develop is known as semasiology or semantics. It has been
observed that in their sense development words often pursue certain well-marked tendencies. Among the meaning more common of these are extension of meaning,
narrowing of meaning, degeneration, and regeneration.
1. Extension of Meaning It is meant the widening of a word’s signification until it covers much more than the
idea originally conveyed. The tendency is some times called generalization. The word lovely, for example, means primarily worthy to be loved and great means large in size,
the opposite of small. But today the school girl’s lovely and the average man’s great have no such meaning. A box of candy or a chair may be lovely and anything from a
ball game to the weather may be great. 2. Narrowing of meaning
The opposite of tendency is for a word gradually to acquire a more restricted sense, or to be chiefly used in one special connection. For the example the word doctor i.e.
20
Palmer F.R, Semantics new outline Mealborne, Cambridge University, 1979p.25
learned men in technology, law, and many others field beside medicine, but now days when we send the doctor mean a member of only one profession.
21
3. Degeneration of meaning It may take several forms. It may take the form of the gradual extension to many
particular meaning senses, that a word may have had is completely lost. This is one form of generalization, such as in the words lovely and great. In other form, it is a word
that has retained very specific meaning but a less favorable one than it originally had. For instance, the word smug was originally a good word. It means neat or trim. It
presents suggestion of objectionable self-satisfaction that seems to have grown up during the nineteenth century,
4. Regeneration of meaning This kind is the opposite of degeneration of meaning; it is a process of language shifts,
which a new word meaning felt better, or attained respectability from the last meaning that considered disparagement. For example, the word smock, which was mentioned as
losing case in the eighteenth century, has now been rehabilitated as applied to and outer garment. We used it for a certain type of woman’s dress and we speak of an Artist’s
smock. Another word in the nineteenth they attained respectability. So, the change of meaning that words undergo is another evidence of the constant state of flux that
characterizes language as it lives on the lips of men.
21
Simatupang, Mauris. Pengantar Teori Terjemahan. Jakarta : Universitas Indonesia Press, 1999 p
CHAFTER III RESEARCH FINDING
This chapter describes about the data description and the analysis of data. The writer finds 50 fifty economic terms that are collected from the determined source of the
data
A. The Data Description
