Borrowing and its motivation

4. Borrowing and its motivation

Alive language is a language that always in changes although the changes will not be seen in short time but its user. In its development language has to add the number of concept and sign to activate. Language contact has caused cultural contact that influences each other to borrow. According to Hockett, there are two motivations why a language borrows other language unsure. They are: 1. Requirement to satisfy needs need feeling. There is a need for human necessity to identify something. The other motive for borrowing is to fill a gap among borrowing idiolects, example; American, English has acquired only a spears scattering of need-filling loans from the various languages of the immigrants: hamburger, pizza grinder sandwich from Italian. Those examples of borrowing under the need filling motive have been of borrowing from one language, some borrowings take place constantly among dialect of single language. 2. Desire to be locked stylish prestige motive. There is a wish for prestige looks. The people whom they admire are in speech pattern as well as in other respect, and the prestige factor leads to extensive borrowing from the dominant languages into non dominant one. 15 As the International, English occupied this place, so English as the first foreign language in Indonesia, and has been popular in educational environment. There are three types of loans or borrowed elements into a number of classes depending on phonological and semantics characteristics, as follows: 15 Hocket, Charless F.A Course in Modern Linguistic. New York : The Mc Milan Company 1958 p.404-405 1. Loan Word The borrower may adopt the donor’s word a long with the object or practice form in the borrower’s speech. The acquisition of loan word constitutes in its self a lexical change, and probably we should say that it constitutes or entails an involved at target. For the example the word hamburger, Indonesian people least in the sense that a shape there to fore “uninhabited” hamburger is a food. There is no other word beside that word used by Indonesian any form may have been brought to use English acquisition “Hamburger” involved no such change and Indonesian language adopted it become Indonesian Language. It meant Indonesian word adopted pronunciations which used by original form. 2. Loan Blend Loan Blend is combination of foreign and native forms. It has a similarity a lone blend is a new idiom developed in the borrowing situation, in which loan pronunciation whether it is foreign. For example the word Import in English are involved, the borrower imports of the model becomes Import in Indonesian language, so the pronunciations are same but and replaces part of it by something already in his own language. spelling is different. 3. Loan Shift Loan shift is the foreign concepts represented by native form. For example English Church ,the word church taken From Latin Abbot, Altar, and Canon. And semantic loans which is range expressed by a native form that is extended to include a new and usually related concept. 16

4. Change of Meaning