Lia Marina : An Analysis Of Action And Reaction In Three Selected George Walker Bush’s Speeches: A Text Analysis, 2010.
e. Connotative Meaning There is no connotative meaning in Bush’s speech 1.
4.1.1.3 Register Variables in Speech 1 :
1. Field of discourse is what is actually taking place in discourse-in-text. Field of discourse: The President’s nation speech after September 11
th
attack in 2001 to a joint session of Congress and nation. Bush made a declaration about who
had attacked their country. 2. Tenor of discourse is who is taking part.
Tenor of discourse: Members of United State Congress, America government, the victims of September 11
th
attack, and American people. 3. Mode of discourse is what role language is playing.
Mode of discourse: Written text to be spoken to the audience. The text is a formal national document.
4.1.2 Action and Reaction of Speech 2
Action is an act by spoken or written to ask or to give any information or good and services. Action includes statement, question, command and offer in a text of
speech. Reaction is limited as personal opinion that is given by language users when they do their action. Reaction is realized by mental process, epithet, modality,
euphemism, and connotative meaning. The following data is the data where action and reaction types are really exist in speech 2. The data is the text of Bush’s speech
addresses to the nation on the Economic Crisis on Wednesday evening, September 24, 2008.
1. Good evening.
greeting
Lia Marina : An Analysis Of Action And Reaction In Three Selected George Walker Bush’s Speeches: A Text Analysis, 2010.
2. This is an extraordinary period for Americas economy. Over the past few
weeks, many Americans have felt
3. I
anxiety about their finances and their future. statement
understand 4.
their worry and their frustration. statement
Weve seen 5.
Major financial institutions have teetered on the edge of collapse, statement
triple-digit swings in the stock market. statement
6. and some have failed
7. As uncertainty has grown,
statement .
statement 8.
many banks have restricted lending, statement
9. credit markets have frozen,
statement 10.
and families and businesses have found it harder to borrow money. statement 11.
Were in the midst of a serious financial crisis, and the federal government is responding with decisive
12. We boosted confidence in money market mutual funds
statement action.
statement 13.
and acted to prevent major 14.
Most importantly, my administration is working with Congress statement
investors from intentionally driving down stocks for their own personal gain.
statement 15.
to address the root cause behind much of the instability in our markets. statement
16. Financial assets related to home mortgages have lost value during the house
decline, statement
17. and the banks holding these assets have restricted credit.
statement 18.
As a result, our entire economy is in danger. So I propose that the federal government reduce the risk posed by these troubled assets
statement 19.
and supply urgently needed money so banks and other financial institutions can 20.
This rescue effort is not aimed at preserving any individual company or industry.
statement avoid collapse and resume lending.
statement
21. It is aimed at preserving Americas overall economy.
statement 22.
It will 23.
and businesses get credit to help American consumers
statement meet their daily
24. and create jobs.
statement needs
statement 25.
And it will 26.
I help send a signal to markets around the world that Americas
financial system is back on track. statement
know 27.
How did we reach this point in our economy? question
many Americans have questions tonight: statement
28. How will
29. And what does this mean for your financial future?
question the solution I propose work?
question 30.
These are good questions, and they deserve clear 31.
First, how did our economy reach this point? question
answers. statement
32. Well, most economists agree that the problems were witnessing today
developed over a long 33.
For more than a decade, a period of time.
statement massive amount of money flowed into the United
States from investors abroad because our country is an attractive and secure 34.
This place to do business.
statement large influx of money to U.S. banks and financial institutions, along with
low 35.
These developments allowed more families to borrow money for cars, and homes, and college tuition, some for the first time.
statement interest rates, made it easier for Americans to get credit.
statement
Lia Marina : An Analysis Of Action And Reaction In Three Selected George Walker Bush’s Speeches: A Text Analysis, 2010.
36. They allowed more entrepreneurs to get loans
statement 37.
to start new 38.
and create jobs. statement
businesses statement
39. Unfortunately, there were also some serious
40. negative consequences, particularly
in the housing market. statement
Easy credit, combined with the faulty assumption that home values would continue to rise, led to excesses and bad
41. Many mortgage lenders approved loans for borrowers without carefully
examining their ability to pay. statement
decisions. statement
42. Many borrowers took out loans larger than they could
43. assuming that they
afford, statement
could 44.
or refinance their homes at a sell
statement higher
45. Optimism about housing values also led to a boom in home construction.
statement price later on.
statement
46. Eventually, the number of new
47. And with supply exceeding demand, housing prices fell, and this created a
problem. statement
houses exceeded the number of people willing to buy them.
statement
48. Borrowers with adjustable
49. or refinance their homes at a
-rate mortgages, who had been planning to sell statement
higher price, were stuck with homes worth less than expected, along with mortgage payments they could not
50. As a result, many mortgage-holders began to default.
statement afford. statement
51. These widespread
52. defaults had effects far beyond the housing market.
statement See
53. and converted into financial products called mortgage-backed securities.
statement , in todays mortgage industry, home loans are often packaged together
statement
54. These securities were sold to investors around the world.
statement 55.
Many investors assumed these securities were trustworthy statement
56. and asked few questions about their actual
57. Two of the
value. statement
leading
58. many
purchasers of mortgage-backed securities were Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Because these companies were chartered by Congress,
statement believed
59. This allowed them to borrow
they were guaranteed by the federal government. statement
enormous 60.
fuel the market for sums of money,
statement questionable
61. and put our financial system at risk.
statement investments,
statement 62.
The decline in the housing market set off a domino effect across our economy. statement
63. When home values declined,
statement 64.
borrowers defaulted on their mortgages, statement
65. and investors holding mortgage-backed securities began to incur serious
66. Before long, these securities became so unreliable that they were not being
bought or sold. statement
losses. statement
67. Investment banks, such as Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers, found themselves
saddled with large amounts of assets statement
Lia Marina : An Analysis Of Action And Reaction In Three Selected George Walker Bush’s Speeches: A Text Analysis, 2010.
68. they could
69. They ran out of money
not sell. statement
needed to meet their immediate 70.
and they faced obligations, statement
imminent 71.
Other banks found themselves in collapse.
statement severe
72. These banks began holding on to their money, and lending dried up, statement
financial trouble. statement
73. and the gears of the American financial system began grinding to a halt. With
the situation becoming more precarious by the day, statement
74. I faced a choice,
statement 75.
to step in with dramatic 76.
or to stand back statement
government action statement
77. and allow the irresponsible
78. to undermine the financial security of all.
statement actions of some
statement 79.
Im a strong believer in free enterprise, so my natural instinct is to oppose 80.
I government intervention.
statement believe companies that make bad decisions should be
81. Under
allowed to go out of business.
statement normal circumstances, I would have followed this course. But these are
not normal 82.
The market is not functioning properly. statement
circumstances. statement
83. There has been a widespread loss of confidence, and major
84. The governments
sectors of Americas financial system are at risk of shutting down.
statement top economic experts warn that, without immediate
85. America
action by Congress,
statement could slip into a financial panic and a distressing scenario would
86. More banks
unfold. statement
could fail, 87.
The stock market including some in your community.
statement would drop even more, which would
88. The value of your home
reduce the value of your retirement account.
statement could
89. Foreclosures
plummet. statement
would 90.
And if you own a business or a farm, statement
rise dramatically. statement
91. you would
92. More businesses
find it harder and more expensive to get credit. statement
would 93.
and millions of Americans close their doo rs,
statement could
94. Even if you have
lose their jobs. statement
good credit history, it would be 95.
to get the loans you more difficult for you
statement need
96. to buy a car
statement statement
97. or send your children to college.
statement 98.
And, ultimately, our country could experience a long and painful 99.
Fellow citizens, vocative
recession. statement
100. we must not
101. I
let this happen. statement
appreciate 102.
to address this problem statement
the work of leaders from both parties in both houses of Congress statement
103. and to make improvements to the proposal
statement 104.
my administration sent to them. statement
Lia Marina : An Analysis Of Action And Reaction In Three Selected George Walker Bush’s Speeches: A Text Analysis, 2010.
105. There is a spirit of cooperation between Democrats and Republicans and
between Congress and this administration. statement
106. In that spirit, Ive invited Senators McCain and Obama
statement 107.
to join congressional leaders of both parties at the White House tomorrow statement
108. to help speed our discussions toward a bipartisan bill.
statement 109.
I know that an economic rescue package will present a tough 110.
It is difficult to pass a bill that commits so much of the taxpayers hard-earned money.
statement vote for many
members of Congress. statement
111. I also understand the frustration of responsible
112. file their tax returns every April 15th,
statement Americans who pay their
mortgages on time, statement
113. and are reluctant to pay the cost of excesses on Wall Street.
statement 114.
But given the situation we are facing, not passing a bill now would 115.
Many Americans are asking, statement
cost these Americans much more later.
statement 116.
how would 117.
After much discussion, theres now a rescue plan work?
question widespread agreement on the principles
such a plan would 118.
It include.
statement would remove the risk posed by the troubled
119. This
assets, including mortgage- backed securities, now clogging the financial system.
statement would
120. Any rescue plan
free banks to resume the flow of credit to American families and businesses.
statement should also be
121. to ensure that taxpayers are protected.
statement designed
statement 122.
It should 123.
It welcome the participation of financial institutions, large and small.
statement should make certain that failed
124. It
executives do not receive a windfall from your tax dollars.
statement should
125. to
establish a bipartisan board statement
oversee 126.
and it the plans implementation,
statement should be
127. In close consultation with Treasury Secretary Hank Paulson, Federal Reserve
Chairman Ben Bernanke, and SEC Chairman Chris Cox, I announced a plan on Friday.
statement enacted as soon as possible.
statement
128. First, the plan is big enough to solve a serious
129. Under our proposal, the federal government
problem. statement
would 130.
to purchase put up to 700 billion
taxpayer dollars on the line statement
troubled 131.
In the short term, this assets that are clogging the financial system.
statement will
132. to resume the flow of credit to American families and businesses,
statement free up banks
statement 133.
and this will 134.
Second, as markets have lost confidence in mortgage-backed securities, statement
help our economy grow. statement
135. their prices have dropped sharply, yet the value of many of these assets will
likely be higher than their current 136.
because the price,
statement vast majority of Americans will ultimately pay off their mortgages.
statement
Lia Marina : An Analysis Of Action And Reaction In Three Selected George Walker Bush’s Speeches: A Text Analysis, 2010.
137. The government is the one institution with the patience and resources to buy
these assets at their current low 138.
and hold them until markets return to normal. statement
prices statement
139. And when that happens, money will
140. and we
flow back to the Treasury as these assets are sold,
statement expect
141. if not all, of the tax dollars we invest
that much, statement
will be 142.
The paid back.
statement final
143. Well, the
question is, what does this mean for your economic future? question primary
144. Ive outlined tonight is to safeguard the financial security of American workers,
and families, and steps –purpose of the steps
statement small
145. The federal government also continues
statement businesses.
statement 146.
to enforce laws and regulations protecting your money. statement
147. The Treasury Department recently offered government insurance for money
market mutual funds. statement
148. And through the FDIC, every savings account, checking account, and certificate
of deposit is insured by the federal government for up to 100,000. statement 149.
The FDIC has been in existence for 75 years, and no one has ever lost a penny on an insured
150. and this
deposit, statement
will not 151.
Once this crisis is resolved, statement
change. statement
152. there will be
153. Our 21st-century global economy remains regulated largely by outdated 20th-
century laws. statement
time to update our financial regulatory structures. statement
154. Recently, weve seen how one company can
155. Earlier this year, Secretary Paulson proposed a blueprint that
grow so large that its failure jeopardizes the entire financial system.
statement would
156. For example, the Federal Reserve
modernize our financial regulations.
statement would be
157. and ensure that their practices do not
authorized to take a closer look at the operations of companies across the financial spectrum
statement threaten
158. There are other
overall financial stability. statement
good ideas, and members of Congress should 159.
As they do, they consider them.
statement must
160. In the
ensure that efforts to regulate Wall Street do not end up hampering our economys ability to grow.
statement long run, Americans have good reason to be confident in our economic
strength. Despite corrections in the marketplace and instances of abuse, democratic capitalism is the best
161. It has unleashed the talents and the productivity and entrepreneurial spirit of our
citizens. statement
system ever devised. statement
162. It has made this country the best
163. to invest
statement place in the world
statement 164.
and do business. statement
165. And it gives our economy the flexibility and resilience
statement 166.
to absorb shocks, adjust, and bounce back. statement
167. Our economy is facing a moment of great
168. but weve
challenge, statement
overcome tough 169.
and we challenges before,
statement will overcome this one.
statement
Lia Marina : An Analysis Of Action And Reaction In Three Selected George Walker Bush’s Speeches: A Text Analysis, 2010.