Lia Marina : An Analysis Of Action And Reaction In Three Selected George Walker Bush’s Speeches: A Text Analysis, 2010.
2. Tenor of discourse is who is taking part. Tenor of discourse: American government and American people.
3. Mode of discourse is what role language is playing. Mode of discourse: Written text to be spoken to the audience. The text is a formal
national document.
4.1.3 Action and Reaction of Speech 3
Action is an act by spoken or written to ask or to give any information or good and services. Action includes statement, question, command and offer in a text of
speech. Reaction is limited as personal opinion that is given by language users when they do their action. Reaction is realized by mental process, epithet, modality,
euphemism, and connotative meaning. The following data is the data where action and reaction types are really exist in speech 3. The data is the text of Bush’s speech to
U.N. General Assembly, September 22, 2008 in United Nations Headquarters, New York.
1. Mr. Secretary General,
vocative 2.
distinguished delegates, vocative
3. ladies and gentlemen:
vocative 4.
I’m pleased 5.
Sixty-three years ago, representatives from around the world gathered in San Francisco
statement to be here to address the General Assembly.
statement
6. to complete the founding of the Charter of the United Nations.
statement 7.
They met in the shadow of a devastating war, with grave new 8.
They agreed on a dangers on the
horizon. statement
historic 9.
“to reaffirm faith in pledge:
statement fundamental
10. This
human rights, and unite their strength to maintain international peace and security.”
statement noble
11. and it still guides our work today.
statement pledge has endured trying hours in the United Nations’ history,
statement 12.
Yet the ideals of the Charter are now facing a challenge as serious as any since the U.N.’s founding — a global movement of violent
13. By deliberately murdering the innocent
statement extremists. statement
14. to advance their aims,
statement
Lia Marina : An Analysis Of Action And Reaction In Three Selected George Walker Bush’s Speeches: A Text Analysis, 2010.
15. these extremists defy the fundamental
16. They show contempt for all who
principles of international order. statement
respect 17.
They reject the words of the Bible, the Koran, the Torah, or any standard of conscience or morality.
statement life and value human dignity.
statement
18. They imperil the values of justice and human rights that gave birth to the
United Nations — statement
19. values that have fueled an unprecedented
20. To uphold the words of the Charter in the face of this challenge, every nation
in this chamber has responsibilities. statement
expansion of freedom across the world.
statement
21. As sovereign states, we have an obligation to govern responsibly, statement
22. and solve problems
statement 23.
before they spill across borders. statement
24. We have an obligation to prevent our territory from being used as a sanctuary
for terrorism and proliferation and human trafficking and organized crime. statement
25. We have an obligation to respect
26. and respond to the needs of our people.
statement the rights
statement 27.
Multilateral organizations have responsibilities. statement
28. For eight years, the nations in this assembly have worked together statement
29. to confront the extremist threat.
statement 30.
We witnessed successes and setbacks, and through it all a clear 31.
The United Nations and other multilateral organizations are lesson has
emerged: statement
needed 32.
To be successful, we more
urgently than ever. statement
must be 33.
Instead of only passing resolutions decrying terrorist attacks after they occur, statement
focused and resolute and effective. statement
34. we must
35. to keep terrorist attacks from happening in the
cooperate more closely statement
first 36.
Instead of treating all forms of government as equally tolerable, we place.
statement must
37. By acting together to
actively challenge the conditions of tyranny and despair that allow terror and extremism to thrive.
statement meet the fundamental
38. we
challenge of our time, statement can
39. In the decades ahead, the United Nations and other multilateral organizations
lead toward a world that is more secure, and more prosperous, and more hopeful.
statement must
40. This mission
continually confront terror. statement
requires 41.
We clarity of vision.
statement must see
42. the terrorists for what they are:
statement ruthless
43. subvert the tenets of a
extremists who exploit the desperate, statement
great 44.
to impose their will on as many people as possible. statement
religion, and seek statement
45. Some suggest that these men would
46. Yet their leaders make clear that no concession
pose less of a threat if we’d only leave them alone.
statement could ever satisfy their
ambitions. statement
Lia Marina : An Analysis Of Action And Reaction In Three Selected George Walker Bush’s Speeches: A Text Analysis, 2010.
47. Bringing the terrorists to justice does not create terrorism —
statement 48.
it’s the best 49.
Multilateral organizations way to protect our people.
statement must respond by taking an unequivocal
50. No cause
moral stand against terrorism.
statement can justify the deliberate taking of innocent human life and the
international community is nearing universal 51.
The agreement on this truth.
statement vast majority of nations in this assembly now agree that tactics like
suicide bombing, hostage-taking and hijacking are never 52.
The Security Council has passed resolutions statement
legitimate. statement
53. declaring terror unlawful
statement 54.
and requiring 55.
to crack down on terrorist financing. statement
all nations statement
56. And earlier this month, the Secretary General held a conference
statement 57.
to highlight victims of terror, where he stated that terrorism can never be 58.
Other multilateral organizations have spoken clearly, as well. statement
justified. statement
59. The G8 has declared that all terrorist acts are criminal and must be
60. And the Secretary General of the Organization of the Islamic Conference
recently spoke out against a suicide bombing, which he said runs counter to the teachings of Islam.
statement universally
condemned. statement
61. The message behind these statements is resolutely clear: Like slavery and
piracy, terrorism has no place in the modern 62.
Around the globe, nations are turning these words into action. statement
world. statement
63. Members of the United Nations are sharing intelligence with one another,
statement 64.
conducting joint 65.
While terrorists continue to carry out attacks like the operations, and freezing terrorist finances.
statement terrible
66. our
bombing in Islamabad last week,
statement joint actions have spared our citizens from many devastating
67. With the
blows. statement
brutal 68.
Over the past seven years, Afghanistan and Iraq have been transformed from regimes that actively sponsor terror to democracies that fight terror.statement
nature of the extremists increasingly clear, the coalition of nations confronting terror is growing stronger.
statement
69. Libya has renounced its support for terror and its pursuit of nuclear weapons.
statement 70.
Nations like Saudi Arabia and Pakistan are actively pursuing 71.
A few nations — regimes like Syria and Iran — continue to sponsor terror. statement
the terrorists. statement
72. Yet their numbers are growing fewer,
statement 73.
and they’re growing more isolated from the world. statement
74. As the 21st century unfolds, some may be
75. This
tempted to assume that the threat has receded.
statement would be comforting; it would be
76. The terrorists
wrong. statement
believe time is on their side, statement
Lia Marina : An Analysis Of Action And Reaction In Three Selected George Walker Bush’s Speeches: A Text Analysis, 2010.
77. so they made waiting out civilized
78. We
nations part of their strategy. statement
must not 79.
The nations of this body allow them to succeed.
statement must
80. We
stand united in the fight against terror. statement
must 81.
to deny the terrorists refuge anywhere in the world, including continue working
statement ungoverned
82. We
spaces. statement
must 83.
and enforcing sanctions against North Korea and Iran. statement
remain vigilant against proliferation — by fully implementing the terms of Security Council Resolution 1540,
statement 84.
We must not 85.
To uphold the Charter’s promise of peace and security in the 21st century, statement
relent until our people are safe from this threat to civilization. statement
86. we must
87. At its core, the struggle against extremists is a battle of ideas.
statement also confront the ideology of the terrorists.
statement 88.
The terrorists envision a world in which religious 89.
women are oppressed, statement
freedom is denied, statement
90. and all dissent is crushed.
statement 91.
The nations of this chamber must 92.
a vision where people present a more hopeful alternative —
statement can
93. and
speak freely, and worship as they choose, statement
pursue 94.
Advancing the vision of freedom serves our their dreams in liberty.
statement highest
95. Advancing this vision also serves our security interests.
statement ideals, as expressed in the
U.N.’s Charter’s commitment to “the dignity and worth of the human person.” statement
96. History shows that when citizens have a voice in choosing their own leaders,
statement 97.
they are less likely to search for meaning in radical 98.
And when governments ideologies.
statement respect
99. they’re more likely
the rights of their people, statement
to respect 100.
For all these reasons, the nations of this body the rights of their neighbors.
statement must
101. Some question whether people in certain parts of the world actually desire
freedom. statement
challenge tyranny as vigorously as we challenge terror.
statement
102. This self-serving condescension has been disproved before our eyes.
statement 103.
From the voting booths of Afghanistan, Iraq, and Liberia, to the Orange Revolution in Ukraine and the Rose Revolution in Georgia, to the Cedar
Revolution in Lebanon and the Tulip Revolution in Kyrgyzstan, we have seen people consistently make the courageous
104. For all the suggestions to the contrary, the truth is that whenever or wherever
people are given the choice, statement
decision to demand their liberty. statement
105. they choose freedom.
statement
Lia Marina : An Analysis Of Action And Reaction In Three Selected George Walker Bush’s Speeches: A Text Analysis, 2010.
106. Nations in these chambers have supported the efforts of dissidents and
reformers and civil society advocates in newly free societies throughout the new
107. And we
United Nations Democracy Fund. statement
appreciate 108.
And as those efforts.
statement young democracies around the world continue to make brave
109. multilateral organizations like the United Nations
stands for liberty,
statement must
110. In Afghanistan, a
continue to stand with them.
statement determined
111. to
people are working statement
overcome 112.
and protect their newly-free society. statement
decades of tyranny, statement
113. They have strong
114. I
support from all 26 nations of the NATO Alliance. statement
appreciate 115.
the United Nations’ decision this week statement
to renew 116.
The United Nations is also an the mandate for the International Security Assistance Force in
Afghanistan. statement
active civilian presence in Afghanistan, where experts are doing important
117. to improve education,
statement work helping
statement 118.
facilitate humanitarian aid, statement
119. and protect human rights.
statement 120.
We must continue to help the Afghan people defend their young 121.
so the Taliban does not return to power, and Afghanistan is never again a democracy —
statement safe
122. In Iraq, the fight has been difficult, yet daily life has improved dramatically
over the past 20 months — statement
haven for terror. statement
123. thanks to the courage of the Iraqi people, a determined
124. The United Nations has provided the mandate for multinational forces in Iraq
through this December. statement
coalition of nations, and a surge of American troops.
statement
125. And the United Nations is carrying out an ambitious
126. to strengthen Iraq’s democracy, including helping Iraqis prepare for their next
round of strategy
statement free
127. Whatever disagreements our nations have had on Iraq,
statement elections.
statement 128.
we should 129.
and we all welcome this progress toward stability and peace — statement
should 130.
We stand united in helping Iraq’s democracy succeed. statement
must stand united in our support of other young 131.
to maintain their democracies, from the
people of Lebanon struggling statement
hard-won 132.
to the people of the Palestinian Territories, who independence,
statement deserve a free and peaceful
133. We
state of their own. statement
must
134. stand united in our support of the people of Georgia. The United
Nations Charter sets forth the “equal rights of nations large and small.” Russia’s invasion of Georgia was a violation of those words.
statement Young democracies around the world are watching
135. to
statement see how we respond to this test.
statement
Lia Marina : An Analysis Of Action And Reaction In Three Selected George Walker Bush’s Speeches: A Text Analysis, 2010.
136. The United States has worked with allies in multilateral institutions like the
European Union and NATO to uphold Georgia’s territorial integrity statement
137. and provide humanitarian
138. And our nations
relief. statement
will 139.
In this chamber are representatives of Georgia and Ukraine and Lebanon and Afghanistan and Liberia and Iraq, and other
continue to support Georgia’s democracy. statement
brave 140.
We young democracies.
statement admire
141. We
your courage. statement
honor 142.
We your sacrifices.
statement thank
143. We
you for your inspiring example. statement
will 144.
This continue to stand with all who stand for freedom.
statement noble goal is worthy of the United Nations, and it should
145. Extending the reach of
have the support of every member in this assembly.
statement political
146. to prevailing in the
freedom is essential statement
great 147.
Many in this chamber have answered the call statement
struggle of our time —but it is not enough. statement
148. to help their brothers and sisters in need by working to alleviate hopelessness.
statement 149.
These efforts to improve the human condition honor the highest 150.
They also advance our security interests. statement
ideals of this institution.
statement 151.
The extremists find their most fertile 152.
places where people recruiting grounds in societies trapped in
chaos and despair — statement
see no prospect of a better 153.
In the shadows of hopelessness, radicalism thrives. And eventually, that radicalism
life. statement
can 154.
and take boil over into violence and cross borders
statement innocent
155. lives across the world.
statement Overcoming hopelessness requires
156. Challenging these conditions is in the interest of every nation in this chamber.
statement addressing its causes — poverty, disease,
and ignorance. statement
157. And democracies are particularly well-positioned to carry out this work.
statement 158.
Because we have experience responding to the needs of our own people, statement
159. we’re natural
160. Together, we
partners in helping other nations respond to the needs of theirs. statement
must 161.
Over the years, many nations have made well-intentioned efforts to promote these goals.
statement commit our resources and efforts to advancing education
and health and prosperity. statement
162. Yet the success of these efforts must be
163. they
measured by more than intentions — statement
must be 164.
My nation has placed an insistence on results at the heart of our measured by results.
statement foreign
assistance programs. statement
Lia Marina : An Analysis Of Action And Reaction In Three Selected George Walker Bush’s Speeches: A Text Analysis, 2010.
165. We launched a new
166. and fighting corruption,
statement initiative called the Millennium Challenge Account,
which directs our help to countries that demonstrate their ability to produce results by governing justly,
statement 167.
and pursuing 168.
Every country and institution that provides market-based economic policies, as well as investing in their
people. statement
foreign assistance, including the United Nations, will be more effective by showing faith in the people of the
developing 169.
and insisting on performance in return for aid. statement
world — statement
170. Experience also shows that to be effective,
statement 171.
we must 172.
This approach is based on our conviction that people in the developing world have the capacity to improve their own lives —
statement adopt a model of partnership, not paternalism.
statement
173. and will rise to meet
174. America has sought to apply this model in our Emergency Plan for AIDS
Relief. statement
high expectations if we set them. statement
175. Every nation that receives American support through this initiative develops
its own plan for fighting HIVAIDS — and measures the results. statement 176.
And so far, these results are inspiring: statement
177. Five years ago, 50,000 people in sub-Sahara Africa were receiving treatment
for HIVAIDS. statement
178. Today that number is nearly 1.7 million.
statement 179.
We’re taking a similar 180.
we’ve supported approach to fighting malaria, and so far,
statement local
181. Multilateral organizations have made
efforts to protect more than 25 million Africans. statement
bold 182.
The G8 has pledged to match America’s efforts on malaria and HIVAIDS. statement
commitments of their own to fight disease.
statement
183. Through the Global Fund, many countries are working to fight HIVAIDS,
malaria, and TB. statement
184. Lives in the developing world depend on these programs, and all who have
made pledges to fight disease have an obligation statement
185. to follow through on their commitments.
statement 186.
One of the most powerful engines of development and prosperity is trade and investment, which create new
187. and help people rise out of poverty,
statement opportunities for entrepreneurs,
statement 188.
and reinforce fundamental 189.
For all these reasons, many in these chambers have conducted values like transparency and rule of law.statement
free 190.
The most trade
agreements at bilateral and regional levels. statement
effective step of all would be an agreement that tears down trade barriers at the global
191. The recent impasse in the Doha Round is disappointing, but that does not
level. statement
have to be
192. I urge every nation to seize this opportunity to lift up economies around the
world — statement
the final word. statement
193. and reach a successful Doha agreement as soon as possible.
statement
Lia Marina : An Analysis Of Action And Reaction In Three Selected George Walker Bush’s Speeches: A Text Analysis, 2010.
194. Beyond Doha, our nations must renew
195. and stand firm against economic isolationism.
statement our commitment to open economies,
statement 196.
These objectives are being tested by turbulence in the global financial markets. statement
197. Our economies are more closely connected than ever before,
statement 198.
and I know that many of you here are watching 199.
how the United States government statement
will 200.
In recent weeks, we have taken address the problems in our financial
system. statement
bold 201.
to prevent a steps
statement severe disruption of the American economy, which would have a
devastating 202.
We’ve promoted stability in the markets by preventing the effect on other economies around the world.
statement disorderly failure
of major 203.
The Federal Reserve has injected urgently-needed liquidity into the system. statement
companies. statement
204. And last week, I announced a decisive
205. to address the root cause of much of the instability in our financial markets —
statement action by the federal government
statement
206. by purchasing illiquid assets that are weighing down balance sheets
statement 207.
and restricting the flow of credit. statement
208. I can
209. And I’m confident we
assure you that my administration and our Congress are working together to quickly pass legislation approving this strategy.
statement will act in the urgent
210. The objectives I’ve laid out for multilateral institutions —
statement time frame required.
statement 211.
confronting terror, statement
212. opposing
213. and promoting
tyranny, statement
effective development — are difficult, but they are necessary 214.
To have tasks.
statement maximum impact, multilateral institutions must take on challenging
215. And like all of us in this chamber, they
missions. statement
must work toward measurable 216.
In the 21st century, the world goals,
be accountable for their actions, and hold true to their word. statement
needs a confident and effective 217.
This United Nations.
statement unique institution should
218. and improve its performance.
statement build on its successes
statement 219.
Where there is inefficiency and corruption, it must be 220.
Where there are corrected. statement
bloated bureaucracies, they must be 221.
Where members streamlined. statement
fail to uphold their obligations, there must be strong 222.
For example, there action.
statement should be an immediate
223. There
review of the Human Rights Council, which has routinely protected violators of human rights. statement
should be a stronger 224.
they effort to help the people of Burma live free of the
repression statement
have suffered for too long. statement
Lia Marina : An Analysis Of Action And Reaction In Three Selected George Walker Bush’s Speeches: A Text Analysis, 2010.