An Analysis On Unit Shift In The Translation Of “Oogy, The Dog Only A Family Could Love” Into “Oogy, Anjing Buruk Rupa Yang Setia Menemani Perjalanan Suka Dan Duka Sebuah Keluarga”

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AN ANALYSIS ON UNIT SHIFT IN THE TRANSLATION OF “OOGY, THE DOG ONLY A FAMILY COULD LOVE” INTO “OOGY, ANJING BURUK RUPA YANG SETIA MENEMANI PERJALANAN SUKA DAN DUKA SEBUAH KELUARGA”.

A THESIS

FITRIYAWATI BR SEMBIRING REG. NO. 120721001

DEPARTEMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2014

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A THESIS BY:

FITRIYAWATI BR SEMBIRING REG. NO: 120721001

SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR

Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M. S Drs. Marzaini Manday, MSPD NIP. 19541117 1980003 1 002 NIP. 19570322 198602 1 002

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English.

DEPARTEMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2014

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Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.

Head, Secretary,

Dr. H. MuhizarMuchtar, MS.

NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002

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Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.

The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on Saturday, August 9, 2014.

The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara

Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001

Board of Examiners: Sign

1. Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S Nip 19541117 1980003 1 002 2. Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D

Nip 19750209 200812 1 002 3. Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A

Nip 19511013 198003 1 002

4. Drs. Umar Mono, Dipl. Trans, M.Hum Nip 19600122 198601 1 001

5. Drs. H. Chairul Husni, M.Ed. TESOL Nip 19570308 198404 1 004

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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, FITRIYAWATI BR SEMBIRING, declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. Except where reference is made in the text of thesis, this thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part of a thesis by which I have qualified for awarded another degree.

No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of this thesis. This thesis has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed :

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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : Fitriyawati Br Sembiring

Title of thesis : An analysis on unit shift in the translation of “Oogy, the dog only a family could love” into “Oogy, anjing buruk rupa yang setia menemani perjalanan suka dan duka sebua keluarga.

Qualification : S-1 / Sarjana Sastra

Departement : English Literature

I am willing that the writer’s thesis should be available for reproduction at the discretion of librarian of the University of Sumatera Utara on the understanding the user are made aware of their obligation under the law of the Republic of Indonesia.

Signed :

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, I would like to thank to my Almighty Allah SWT, who gives me health and capability in completing this thesis.

I address my gratitude to some lecturer who helped and guided me in writing this thesis:

• Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A, as the Dean of Faculty of Literature USU

• Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S, as the Head of English department and Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA, Ph.D, as the Secretary

• Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, as my supervisor and Drs. Marzaini Manday, MSPD, as my co-supervisor who give the precious time on guidance, motivations, criticisms and supporting ideas in completing this thesis.

I also thank my beloved parents, Mansur Pelawi and Frida Irianti br Bangun who love, supports and prays me with all their time. And I thank to my only brother Frima Hajirin S.sos for support and understanding me to write this thesis.

I do not forget to thank my lovely friends, Siti Andriani Amd, Julia Rosa Amd, Siska Pintasari Amd, who always accompany me in sad and happy time.

The last, hopefully, this thesis will be useful for everyone who read it.

Medan, August 2014

Fitriyawati Br Sembiring Reg. No. 120721001

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ABSTRAK

Skripsi ini berjudul “An Analysis on unit shift in translation of Oogy, The Dog Only a Family Could Love into Oogy, Anjing Buruk Rupa yang Setia Menemani Perjalanan Suka dan Duka Sebuah Keluarga”. Skripsi ini menganalisis tentang pergeseran unit yang terjadi pada penerjemahan teks bahasa sumber dari sebuah novel karya Larry Levin berjudul Oogy, the dog only a family could love ke dalam teks bahasa sasaran berjudul Oogy, anjing buruk rupa yang setia menemani perjalanan suka dan duka sebuah keluarga yang diterjemahkan oleh Marie Elvire. Teori yang mengidentifikasikan pergeseran tersebut adalah teori Caford tahun 1965 yang menjelaskan tentang pembagian pergeseran.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dan konten analisis.Data diperoleh dari novel bahasa Inggris yang diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia.Ada pun metode dalam pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode kepustakaan.Kemudian untuk mencari pergeseran unit yang paling sering digunakan dalam novel terjemahan digunakanlah formula dari Malo. Dari analisis yang telah dilakukan terdapat 102 pergeseran unit dengan 2 jenis pergeseran tataran, yaitu 101 pergeseran frase ke klausa atau 99,02% dan 1 pergeseran klausa ke frasa atau 0,98%. Dari analisis ini, diketahui bahwa pergeseran unit shift yang paling dominan terjadi dalam pengalihbahasaan novel tersebut adalah pergeseran dari frasa ke klausa.

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ABSTRACT

The title of this thesis is “An Analysis on Unit Shift in Translation of Oogy, the Dog Only a Family Could Love. This thesis analyzed the unit shift occurred in the translation of “Oogy, the Dog Only a Family Could Love” a novel by Larry Levin into Bahasa Indonesia as “Oogy, Anjing Buruk Rupa yang Setia Menemani Perjalanan Suka dan Duka Sebuah Keluarga” by Maria Elvire. The theory used in identifying the shift in this qualitative study was the one developed by Catford in 1965 explaing about the division of shifts. The data for this study were obtained from the original novel written in English and the translated version written in Bahasa Indonesia. The data for this study were selected through purposive sampling method because not all of the data available were analyzed. Malo formula was used to find the most commonly used unit shifts in the translated version of the novel. The result of analysis showed that there were 102 unit shifts with two types of level shifts, namely, 101 shifts (99, 02%) fom phrase to clause and 1 shifts (0, 98%) from clause to phrase. From the result of this analysis, it was find out that the most dominant unit shift occurred in the translating the novel was the shift from phrase to clause.

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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ... i

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ... ii

ACKNOLEDGEMENTS ... ... iii

ABSTRAK ... ... iv

ABSTRACT ... ... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS .... ... vi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ... viii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study ... 1

1.2 Problem of the Study .. ... 4

1.3 Objective of the Study ... 4

1.4 Scope of the Study ... ... 5

1.5 Significance of the study ... 5

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Definitions of Translation ... 6

2.2 Functions of Translation ... 8

2.3 Process of Translation ... 8

2.4 Types of Translation ... 10

2.5 Shifts in Translation ... 11

2.5.1 Level Shifts ... 12

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2.5.2.1 Structure Shifts ... 17

2.5.2.2 Class Shifts ... 17

2.5.2.3 Unit Shifts ... 18

2.5.2.4 Intra System Shifts ... 18

CHAPTER III: METHOD OF RESEARCH 3.1 Research Method . ... 19

3.2 Data and Data Source ... 19

3.3 Data Collecting Method ... 19

3.4 Data Analysis Method ... 20

CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 4.1 Data Analysis ... 23

4.2 Data Findings ... 48

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions ... 51

5.2 Suggestions ... 51

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

SL : Source Language

TL : Target Language

P-C : Phrase to Clause

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ABSTRAK

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ABSTRACT

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study

Language is a tool of communication of daily human. As a tool of communication, language is used to convey and to receive information. Manylanguagesare used to communicate. One of them is English as an international language. Nowadays, lot of books (magazines, novels, comics, etc.) and technology devices (computers, mobile phones, notebook, etc) use foreign languages, especially English. This makes a problem for people to understand and comprehend the meaning.

Manypeople feel curious to knowand to learnEnglishlanguage. The way to know it is taking someEnglishcourse andreadingEnglish books. To understand the text, the reader needs translationto bridgethereaderto comprehend the contentofthe textmore easily.

In the process oftranslation, the messagedeliveredortransferredfroma sourcelanguageintothe targetlanguageshould not bechanged. In other words, the messageormeaningshould beconveyed intactly.

Translation is an activity done by a translator to translate the source language text (SL) into the target language (TL) by taking into account the suitability of the content of the message and the translation, forming shifts and meaning cannot be avoided given the new vocabulary continues to grow so that there was a shift.

According to Catford (1965:73), shifts mean departures from formal correspondences in the process of going from SL to TL. Formal correspondence referrs to the similarity of the form of linguistic categories in two different languages

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(unit, class, structure, etc). Furthermore, he divides shift into two shifts, namely level shifts and categories shifts.

Level shift means that a source language item at one linguistic level has a target of language translation at a different level. It is the shift from grammar to lexis. It means that a grammatical unit in English (such as noun, affixes) has a lexical unit in Indonesian. Here the example, “she is eating” into “dia sedang makan”. Form of “ing” (to be + v-ing: grammar) in English translated into Bahasa Indonesia by lexis “sedang”.

Category shift is about unbounded and rank-bounded translation. In Unbounded translation, equivalences are not tied to a particular rank and can be found equivalences at other levels, while rank-bounded in an equivalent translation in the target language for the each word or for each morpheme encountered in the source language. Category shifts have four kinds of shifts. That are structure shifts, class shifts, unit shifts, and intra-system shifts.

According to Catford (1965) in Venuti (2000:141) structure shifts means level

shifts as a shift from grammatical unit in SL to a lexical unit in TL. Class shifts

occurswhenclassshift inthe source language is different class inthe targetlanguage. Unit shifts occurs when the translation of a unit at one level in SL is different level in the TL. Intra-system shift is ashiftora changethat occursinthesame languagesystem.

But here, the writer only focuses on analyzing unit shifts. Unit shifts is the changes of rank. Rank refers to the hierarchical linguistic units of sentence, clause, group (phrase), word, or morpheme. For example, “son” (word) in target language becomes “anak laki-laki” (phrase). That means, the word “son” in source language is translated into phrase “anak laki-laki’ in Bahasa Indonesia.

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By using shift, the translator is expected to get the natural meaning of the translation. It is also used to produce equivalent and exact meaning and structure. Sometimes translating the text is very difficult because every language has its own rules. That makes the translator face the condition that forced him to make shifts of translation so the meaning of source language can be transferred well. Unit shift also essential, by unit shifts, translation becomes more flexible and nature because it is translated based on source language and target in order to get a good translation without losing the meaning.

Public media is the place of many various kinds of translation. Novel is one of the most popular publications. There are thousands novels public in the world and many best-seller novels are translated into many languages. For example, an English novel can be translated into many languages like French, Japanese, Indonesian, Spain etc. Like common popular novels, Oogy, the Dog Only a Family Could Love (2011)by Larry Levin (English) is also translated into many languages including in Bahasa Indonesia, ‘Oogy, Anjing Buruk Rupa yang Setia Menemani Perjalanan Suka dan Duka Sebuah Keluarga” by Maria Elvire. The writer is interested in analyzing unit shifts found in the translation of English novel Oogy, the Dog Only a Family Could Love into Bahasa Indonesia because in translating the text from different language is very difficult because every language has its own rules. To translate the language we use shifts to get the equivalent meaning in order to make the reader understand the product of translation.

The writer chooses Larry Levin’s novel ‘Oogy, the Dog Only a Family Could Love’ because is that first, this novel is one of the best seller in 2011. And of course the second reasons, there are many unit shifts are found in Larry Levin’s novel

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‘Oogy, the Dog Only a Family Could Love’ and its translation by Maria Elvire “Oogy, Anjing Buruk Rupa yang Setia Menemani Perjalanan Suka dan Duka Sebuah Keluarga”.

1.2 Problem of the Study

Inthisnovel, there areseveralquestionsthat needed to analyze, that are :

1. What unit shifts are used in Larry Levin ‘Oogy, The Dog Only a Family Could Love’ and Maria Elvire ‘Oogy, Anjing Buruk Rupa yang Setia Menemani Perjalanan Suka dan Duka Sebuah Keluarga’?

2. Which is the most dominant unit shift occurred in Larry Levin ‘Oogy, The Dog Only a Family Could Love’ and Maria Elvire ‘Oogy, Anjing Buruk Rupa yang Setia Menemani Perjalanan Suka dan Duka Sebuah Keluarga’?

1.3 Objective of the Study

Based on the problems above, the purposes to analyze this novel are:

1. To find out the unit shifts used in Larry Levin ‘Oogy, The Dog Only a Family Could Love’ and Maria Elvire ‘Oogy, Anjing Buruk Rupa yang Setia Menemani Perjalanan Suka dan Duka Sebuah Keluarga’.

2. To find out the most dominant unit shifts found in Larry Levin ‘Oogy, The Dog Only a Family Could Love’ and Maria Elvire ‘Oogy, Anjing Buruk Rupa yang Setia Menemani Perjalanan Suka dan Duka Sebuah Keluarga’.

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1.4 Scope of the Study

Based onthe background above, the scope of this study focuseson finding the unitshiftinthe Larry Levin “Oogy, The Dog Only a Family Could Love’ and Maria Elvire ‘Oogy, Anjing Buruk Rupa yang Setia Menemani Perjalanan Suka dan Duka Sebuah Keluarga”. Unit shifts represent change from a linguistic unit, such as a phrase in SL to the linguistic units that different hierarchical positions in the SL, for example, clause. (Linguistic units may be a sentence, clause, phrase or word). In order to avoid excessively large discussions, the writer only focus on analyzes unit shift from phrase to clause and clause to phrase.

1.5 Significance of the Study

Theoretically, the significance of this study is to give contribution to development of linguistic studies, especially for the translation study about unit shift found in translating English into Bahasa Indonesia.

Practically, the result of this thesis can be used as a reference in process of translating and framework for translating English into Bahasa Indonesia or vise versa, especially in the case of unit shift.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Definitions of Translation

There are many experts defining translation. The purpose of translation is to make us easier to understand the meaning of translation. Here are some definitions that had been composed by some experts:

Catford (1965: 20) states that translation is the replacement of textualmaterialinonelanguagebyequivalent textual material inanother language. The use of “textual material” is to underlying the fact that in normal condition, not all of the SL text is translated into the TL equivalents. And he states that shifts is departure from formal correspondence in the process of going from the source language (SL) to the target language (TL).

Nida dan Taber (1974 : 12) states that translating consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closes natural equivalent of the source languagemassage, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.

Larson (1984: 10) in Meaning Based Translation states that translation consists of studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation and cultural context of the source language, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning, then reconstructing the same meaning using the lexicon and grammatical structure which appropriate in the receptor language and its cultural context”.

Newmark (1988: 28) states that translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text”.

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Kridalaksana 1985 in (Nababan, 1999:19), “penerjemahan sebagai pemindahan suatu amanat dari bahasa sumber ke dalam bahasa sasaran dengan pertama-tama mengungkapkan maknanya dan kemudian gaya bahasanya”.(Translation as the replacement of message from source language into target language by firstly revealing the meaning and then the style)

Simatupang (2000: 2) in his book Pengantar Teori Terjemahan states

“Menerjemah adalah mengalihkan makna yang terdapat dalam bahasa sumber ke

dalam bahasa sasaran dan mewujudkannya kembali di dalam bahasa sasaran dengan bentuk-bentuk sewajar mungkin menurut aturan-aturan yang berlaku dalam bahasa sasaran”. (Translation tries to transfer the meaning in SL to TL in the form that best fit with the rules of TL.)

Venuti (2000:1) states that I see translation as the attempt to produce a text so transparent that it does not seem to be translated.

From theopinion ofthe expertsabove, it can be concludedthat thetranslationgivemoreemphasisonthe meaningormessageconveyed. Arethe results ofthetranslation correspondinginSL, the most important thingisthe result ofthe translationhas the intentandmeaning which is have samemessagein TL. Sothere isclarityand thesimilaritiesbetween themessagesin the SL andTL.

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2.2 Functions of Translation

Basically, translation function is as a medium of communication. Levy in Venuti ( 2000: 148) states, translation is a process of communication; the objective of translating is to impart the knowledge of the original to the foreign readers.

Hartley (1982 : 186) states, “ translating is a particular kind of communication and in all communication lost somewhere in the channel between sender and receiver. There are cultural and linguistic obstacle which may make the original messages or effect become to achieve “. There are three essential elements to form a process of communication. There are source, message, and target. The three elements must be found in all communication activities. In a brief words, translation means inter-lingual communication by using two different languages.

Besides that, translation also functioned to convey the message from source language into target language. Duff (1989 : 5) says, “ translation as the process of conveying message across linguistic and cultural barrier, is an eminently communicating activity. In order word, it means translation is as a bridge to carry the messages from the SL to TL.

2.1.3 Process of Translation

Nababan (1999:25) divides the process of translation in three major steps. They are as the following:

1. Analyzing the source text.

The first step is analyzing the text. We analyze the text by first reading the ST and gain the meaning in the text. We also analyze the linguistic and extralinguistic elements in the text. Linguistic elements are the elements deal with language, while extralinguitics are the elements beyond the language, such as the culture and the

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social context of the text. In analyzing the linguistics elements, we analyze the text at all level such as in the level of sentence, clause, phrase, and word. By doing this, we can gain full understanding of the meaning in the ST.

2. Transferring the meaning

In this step the translator has to find theequivalentof the ST. This process happens in mind (Nababan called it as proses batin). It means that this process is in the abstract form.

3. Reconstructuring

After finding the equivalent of ST, we reconstruct it in the form of SL become TL. In this step, we must decide what style that suits best to the text and the readers.

These three steps would be explained in the following diagram.

Analisis Restrukturasi

PROSES BATIN

Transfer

Teks isi isi Teks

Bahasa Makna Makna Bahasa

Sumber Pesan Pesan Sasaran

Padanan

Pemahaman 2 Evaluasi dan Revisi

1 3

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2.4 Types of Translation

Catford (1965 : 21-22) said that, there are three types or categories of translation in terms of the extent, level, and rank.

1. Extent divided into Full and Partial translation. In a full translation, the whole text is submitted to the process of translation, each part of the SL text is substituted by text material. Catford stated that text is any stretch of language, spoken or written, which is under discussion and according to circumstances, a text may be a whole library of books, a chapter, a paragraph, a sentence, a clause, etc. in other side, a partial translation is some parts of the SL text are left untranslated. They are merely transferred to the target language text. In a literary translated, it is unusual for some SL lexical items to be treated that way.

2. Level divided into Total and Restricted translation. Total translation means translation in which all levels of the SL are replaced by TL. That means replacement of SL grammar and lexis by equivalent TL grammar and lexis with important replacement of SL phonology/graphology by (non-equivalent) TT phonology/graphology. By restricted translation is replacement of ST material by equivalent TT material at only one level. That is translation performed only at phonological or at the graphological level, or at one of the two levels of grammar and lexis.

3. Rank. It relates to the rank in a grammatical ( or phonological ) hierarchy at which translation equivalent is established. Grammatical hierarchy means such as units of sentence, clause, group, word, and morpheme.

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2.5 Shifts in Translation

In doing this shift, a translator should determine the form and content of the SL text and then reconstruct the same content (meaning) using the forms that are appropriate

in the TL (Larson, 1984: 3). In attemping to transfer the message/content from one

language (SL) to another (TL) by means of the universally known practice of translation, the translator usually faces the difficulties in finding the same equivalent and the exact structure (form) in TL. It is because language has its own characteristic and possesses certain distinctive characteristics that give it a special character, such as a word-building capacities, unique patterns of phrase order, techniques for linking clause into sentences, etc. (Nida and Taber, 1974:4). In this case, the translator should be able to adjust the structure of the translation in accordance with the rules and grammar of the TL. This is where shifts need to be done in order to produce natural translation. Thus, the occurrence of shifts in any translation activity is an unavoidable phenomenon. Therefore, ‘shift’ should be redefined positively as the consequence of the translator’s effort to establish translation equivalence between different language systems.

Further, Catford (1965: 73) states that shifts are departures from formal correspondence in process of going from SL (source language) to the TL (target language). He also divides the translation shift into two major types. They are level shift and category shift.

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2.5.1 Level Shift

This shiftoccurs whenSLatonelinguisticlevelhas aTL translation equivalent at differentlevel. It meansthat a grammatical unit in Englishsuch asnoun, verb, affixes, etc., haslexical unitin Bahasa Indonesian.

The examples:

SL: She is walking alone. TL: Dia sedang berjalan

2.5.2 Category Shift

sendirian.

In the examples above, we can see that grammer “To be + V-ing” (bound morpheme) is translated into “sudah” (unbound morpheme) a lexis in Bahasa Indonesia.

This shift occurs in unbounded and rank-bound translation. Rank-bound translation refers to particular cases where equivalence is intentionally limited to rank below the sentences. Meanwhile, unbounded translation means the translation equivalence may take place in any appropriate rank whether it is a sentence, clause, phrase (group), word or morpheme.

Halliday (1985) in Machali (1998: 13) devided five units representing ranks in English, they are sentence, clause, phrase (group), word and morpheme.

1. Sentence

Sentence is a series of words in connected speech or writing, forming the grammatically complete expression of a single thought. Sentence is regarded as the highest unit in the hierarchy of language unit, because in a sentence contains clause, phrase, word, and morpheme.

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Based on the type, sentence can be divided into: a. Simple Sentences

Such sentences have only one full predication in the form of an independent clause. Example: The man stole jewelry.

b. Compound Sentences

Such sentences have two or more full predications in the form of independent clause. Example: The man stole jewelry and he hid it in his home.

c. Complex Sentence

Such sentences also have two or more full predications. One of these is an independent clause (main clause) that is to the form of the simple sentence, and also or more of these are dependent clauses (subordinate clause)

Example: The man who stole jewelry hid it in his home. d. Compound-complex sentence

Compound-comples sentences contain two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.

Example: The man stole jewelry and he hid it in his home until he could safely get out of town.

2. Clause

Clause is a group of words that forms part of a sentence and has a subject and a predicate. There are two kinds of clauses: independent and dependent.

An independent clause contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence by itself, while dependent clause does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence by itself, it is usually begun with subordinator such as when, while, if etc. Based on the function in

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the sentence, dependent clause can be divided into noun clause, adjective clause, and adverb clause.

3. Phrase

Phrase is a group of words that lacks either a subject or a predicate or both. A phrase does not contain a finite verb and does not have a subject predicate structure, for example smart boy, expensive new car, etc. There are five kinds of phrase: noun phrase, adjective phrase, adverb phrase, verb phrase, and prepositional phrase. a. Noun Phrase

Noun phrase is a phrase composed of head and modifiers that the headword is a noun. The function of noun phrase in a sentence is as subject, object and complement.

Examples: - He buys a red hat - He is an enginer b. Adjectival Phrase

Adjectival Phrase is a group of words that does the function of an adjective. Examples: - Too hot

- Very good c. Adverbial Phrase

Adverbial Phrase is a group of word that does the work of an adverb. Examples: - Very fast

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d. Prepositional Phrase

Prepositional phrase is a group of words that contains no verb and that begin with preposition and end with a noun of pronoun.

Example: - After the seminar we have a party. - A man with blonde hair.

e. Verbal Phrase

Verbal phrase is a phrase that contains a verb part that function not as a verb, rather that as a noun or an adjective.

Examples: - We spent our holiday to visit Bali. 4. Word

Word is a letter or group of letter which have meaning. A word can be a free morpheme or the combination of morphemes which are considered by the linguists as the smallest unit and can be used as a free (single) form. In another word, a word can be a free morpheme or the combination of free and bound morphemes. For instnace, red and devil are free which constitute the smallest meaningful unit and can be used as a single (free) form. The word unbeatablet is an example of a word as the combination of three morphemes, i.e. two bound morphemes un- and -able and a free morpheme beat. In English, there are 8 (eight) parts of speech, they are noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, conjuction, preposition, and interjection (Mukti, 2008:6).

a. Noun

Noun is the name of thing, person and place. Examples: book, president, minister, Makkah, etc.

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b. Pronoun

Pronoun is word used instead of a noun.

Examples: Subjective (I, We, You, They, He, She, It) Objective (Me, Us, Them, You, Him, Her, It)

c. Adjective

Adjective is a word describing a noun.

Example: Beautiful girl (Beautiful describes the girl) d. Adverb

Adverb is a word that adds information to a verb, adjective, phrase or another adverb. e. Verb

Verb is a word that shows what the person or thing does. f. Preposition

Preposition is word normally placed before noun, pronoun and also can be followed by a verb.

g. Conjunction

Conjunction is word joining words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. h. Interjection

Interjection is a word express emotion, greeting and surprise. 5. Morpheme

Morpheme is regarded as the lowest unit in the hierarchy of language unit. Morpheme is a smallest meaningful unit into which words can be analyzed. Morpheme can be divided into two kinds: free morpheme and bound morpheme. Free morpheme is a linguistic form which can be used alone as an independent word. For example: red, house, car, etc. While bound morpheme is a linguistic form which

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can not stand alone but must be used with another morpheme eg as affixes (prefix, suffix, and confix)

In Category Shifts, there are four shifts. They are classified into structure shifts, class shifts, unit shifts, and intra-system shifts. Below is a brief description of these shifts.

2.5.2.1 Structure-shifts

This shiftinvolvesmost of thegrammaticalstructure, orchangethe word orderofSLtoTL.

For example:

SL :Your order has been sent via express courier service.

TL :Kami telah mengirim pesanan Anda dengan layanan pengiriman kilat.

In this example, there is a structural shift from passive sentences into active sentence. This shift occurs when SL equivalent of the item is a member of a different class to the class item of linguistic source. This is a change from one part of the SL kind word into another word in TL.

2.5.2.2Class-Shifts

This class shiftoccurswhenclassshift inthe source languagehas different class inthe targetlanguage.

For example:

SL :Corridordevelopment

Adj N

TL :Membangunkoridor. Verb N

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2.5.2.3 Unit-Shifts

This shift occurs when the translation of a unit at one level in SL is different level in the TL. This shift represents change from a linguistic unit, such as a word in SL to the linguistic units that different hierarchical positions in the SL, for example, clauses. (Linguistic unit may be a sentence, clause, word, or morpheme.)

For example:

SL :Luckydog Adj N

TL :Anjingyang sangat beruntung N a clause

The example above is change of the phrase “lucky dog” is translated into clause “Anjing yang sangat beruntung”.

2.5.2.4 Intra System Shifts

Thisshiftis ashiftora changethat occursinthesame languagesystem. For example:

SL: This is the place for rabbits. N (plural) TL: Ini tempat untuk kelinci. N (singular)

Inthiscase, actuallySLandTLhaveformalcorrespondence, buttranslator does not choose the equivalentformalcorrespondenceintheSL. For example, "rabbits" actually could betranslated into"kelinci-kelinci". Because the plural form of the noun can be made by repeating the noun in Bahasa Indonesia, however, the translator chose "kelinci" instead of "kelinci-kelinci".

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CHAPTER III

METHOD OF RESEARCH

3.1 Research Method

Arikunto (2002:136) says that the research methods are methods used by researchers in collecting their data". Below are some steps that are used in this research method.

3.2 Data and Data Source

The data source of this study is taken from one of best seller novel written by Larry Levin, “Oogy, the dog only a family could love” in 2010. This novel consists of 10 chapters and 209 pages. And its translation Oogy, Anjing Buruk Rupa yang Setia Menemani Perjalanan Suka dan Duka Sebuah Keluarga translated by Maria Elvire in 2011. It consists of 10 chapters and 196 pages.

The data of this study are unit shift used in Larry Levin‘s novel, Oogy, the dog only a family could love and its translation Oogy, anjing buruk rupa yang setia menemani perjalanan suka dan duka sebuah keluarga by Maria Elvire.

3.3 Data Collecting Method

According to Arikunto (2005: 175) the data collection techniques is the way used by researchers to obtain the required data. In data collection, researchers require an instrument that aids in order to progress data collection easier. Data collection

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techniques used in this study is library research that is finding information related to this thesis. The data is obtained from the novel.

The data used in this analysis are taken from Larry Levin’s novel “Oogy, the dog only a family could love and its translation “Oogy, anjing buruk rupa yang setia menemani suka dan duka sebuah keluarga by Maria Elvire. The novel consists of 10 chapters and 209 pages. And its translation consists of 10 chapter and 196 pages. The writer does not using sampling method because the whole pages are used as the data of analysis. And as the data, the writer only analyzes from phrase to clause and clause to phrase.

3.4 Data Analysis Method

After collecting the data, the data analyzed to obtain a conclusion. A. Descriptive Qualitative

The writer applies describtive qualitative method. Qualitative method is explaining the data descriptively from Larry Levin‘s novel, Oogy, the dog only a family could love in its translation Oogy, anjing buruk rupa yang setia menemani perjalanan suka dan duka sebuah keluarga by Maria Elvire.According to Sutopo (2006:257) says:

“Dalam penelitian kuantitatif proses penggumpulan data dan analisisnya terpisah secara jelas, dan analisisnya dilakukan pada tahap akhir penggumpulan data selesai. Tidak demikian halnya dalam penelitian kualitatif yang proses analisisnya harus dilakukan sejak awal bersamaan dengan proses pengumpulan data”.

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B. Content analysis

This thesis uses content analysis. So The writer uses content analysis on analyzing the content of Larry Levin‘s novel, Oogy, the dog only a family could love and its translation Oogy, anjing buruk rupa yang setia menemani perjalanan suka dan duka sebuah keluarga by Maria Elvire.

According to Krippendrofr (1993: 18) says that content analysis is a research technique for making valid replicable and inferences from texts ( or rather meaningful matter) to the contexts of their use”. According to Holsti (2005: 13) says, “analisa isi adalah usaha menemukan karakteristik pesan, dan dilakukan secara obyektif dan sistematis”. (Content analysis is an attempt to find the characteristics of the message, and carried out objectively and systematically). This content analysis emphasizes on language and calls for neutrality. The content analysis also very efficient in terms of cost because the data could be analyzed at home.

To find the most dominant of unit shift in this novel, the writer is going to apply a formula referring to Malo’s method of social research (1986 : 200) . Following formula is :

N= X x 100%

Where, X : number of sub-category of unit-shift Y : Number of all data

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In analyzing this data, the writer uses several steps:

1. Writer reads the original novel ( SL ) and its translation product ( TL ).

2. Listing the unit shift found inthe original novel ( SL ) and its translation ( TL ). 3. Categorizing data included in the types of unit shifts.

4. Analyzing the unit shift by using J. C Catford’s theory 5. Make the tabulation of data.

6. Make a percentage of the unit shifts.

7. Finding out the most dominant units contained in translating the novel. 8. And making the conclusion based on the result of analysis.

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CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

4.1 Data Analysis

After collecting and analyzing the data from the novels oogy, the dog only a family could love by Larry Levin and its translation oogy, anjing buruk rupa yang setia menemani suka dan duka sebuah keluarga, the writer describes the unit shifts that occur from phrase to clause and from clause to phrase. The results of these analyses are in the forms of table.

Table 1 Data Analysis No.

Data

Source Text Target Text

Unit Shifts

Oneon the old couch, the other on the futon sofa bed.

Noun/ pg 3

Salah satu tidur di sofa tua dan yang satu lagi tidur di kasur sofa tarik.

Clause/ pg 2

P-C

I think I see noah stretched out in the futon opened up on the floor.

Phrase/ Pg 3

Sepertinya aku melihat Noah terbujur di kasur sofa yang digelar di lantai.

Clause/ pg 2

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You’re a lucky dog. Phrase/pg 4

Kau anjing yang sangat beruntung.

Clause/ pg 3

P-C

You’re a good doggy. Phrase/ pg 4

Kau anak yang sangat pintar.

Clause/ pg 3

P-C

Breakfast time, I repeat, a little louder.

Phrase/ pg 5

Waktunya sarapan, ulangku dengan suara sedikit lebih keras. Clause/ pg

P-C

Breakfast order, please, I repeat, louder still.

Phrase/ pg 5

Ayo, mau sarapan apa?, ujarku lagi dengan suara yang semakin keras. Clause/ pg 5

P-C

His forelegs look almost

comically bowed because of the massive bunced muscles and the enormous aquare chest from which they stem.

Phrase/Pg 9

Kaki depannya terlihat bengkok dan lucu disebabkan oleh otot yang menggumpal dan dada bidang tempat kakinya berpangkal. Clause/ pg 8

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You’re the best doogy. Phrase/ pg 9

Kau anjing yang paling pintar. Clause/ pg 8

P-C

They have the grey green eyes, the same skin tone.

Phrase/ pg 11

Mereka juga sama-sama memiliki warna bola mata hijau keabuan, dan warna kulit yang sama.

Clause/ pg 10

P-C

Noah, who has always been slightly taller than Dan, shot up this past year, adding several inches, and is now noticeably the taller of the two.

Phrase/ pg 11

Noah yang selama ini sedikit lebih tinggi disbanding Dan, meleset semakin tinggi beberapa inci, dan sekarang jelas terlihat menjadi yang lebih tinggi di antara mereka berdua.

Clause/ pg 10

P-C

You’re one strong doggy, I tell him.

Phrase/ Pg 15

Kau anjing yang sangat kuat, ujarku.

Clause/ pg 14

P-C

Soon as he sees that I am coming back up the driveway, he walks

Segera setelah melihatku berjalan kembali, ia menuju

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over to sand under the weeping cheery tree.

Phrase/Pg 16

pohon ceri yang ranting-rantingnya menjuntai dan berdiri dibawahnya. Clause/ pg 15

The sound sharp and hard at the same time, reverberating in the kitchen like a piece of drooped steel.

Phrase/ pg 16

Suaranya yang melengking dan keras bergema di dapur seakan selembar logam yang terhempas.

Clause/ pg 15

P-C

Oogy climbs into the vacant seat and, front paws on the door hendle, sticks the upper part of his body out of the window. Phrase/Pg 18

Oogy pindah ke kursi yang kosong, memijakkan kaki depannya di pegangan pintu, dan mengeluarkan bagian atas tubuhnya dari jendela. Clause/ pg 16

P-C

When I am done, I gather up all the used towels I can find from last nigh and this morning. Phrase/ Pg 18

Sesudah selesai mandi, kukumpulkan semua handuk yang dipakai semalam dan tadi pagi.

Clause/ pg 16

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As soon as I take the firs step, he barrels past me, rushing to he bottom of the the steps before following me into the kitchen as though he’s attached to me like some white, furry sidecar. Phrase/Pg 18

Begitu aku mulai turun, dia berlari mendahuluiku ke dasar tangga lalu

mengikutiku ke dapur seakan terikat padaku seperti mobil gandeng yang berbulu putih.

Clause/ pg 17

P-C

The worst think that ever happened to Oogy wa also the best think.

Phrase/Pg 20

Kejadian terburuk yang pernah terjadi pada oogy ternyata menjadi hal yang terbaik baginya.

Clause/ pg 18

P-C

This is oogy’s story. It is, in the truest sense, a one-in-a-million tale.

Phrase/Pg 20

Ini kisah oogy, kisah yang sangat langka dalam arti sesungguhnya.

Clause/ pg 19

P-C

I had no reason to question the explanation with which I had been provided. But eventually, prompted by the curiosity of a reporter friend.

Aku tidak punya alasan untuk mempertanyakan penjelasan yang diberikan kepadaku. Tetapi, akhirnya, setelah dipicu rasa ingin tau seorang

(42)

Phrase/ pg 23 teman yang berprofesi sebagai pewarta. Clause/ pg 21

I could discover about the actual events themselves.

Phrase/Pg 24

Aku tergerak untuk mengetahui apa yang sebenarnya terjadi. Clause/ pg 22

P-C

I had to know as much about the truth.

Phrase/Pg 24

Dan aku merasa harus mengetahui sebanyak mungkin tentang kenyataan yang sesungguhnya. Clause/ pg 22

P-C

And they are bred, housted, and trained under the most barbaric conditions.

Phrase/ pg 25

Dan mereka dipelihara, disimpan, dan dilatih dalam keadaan yang teramat tidak biadab.

Clause/ pg 23

P-C

The surgeons woud have been face with hours of costly procedures that, given the severity of the wounds. Phrase/Pg 26

Dokter bedah yang menanganinya pasti melakukan langkah

penanganan selama berjam-jam yang berbiaya tinggi yang besar

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kemungkinannya sia-sia. Clause/ pg 24

The chances of a mutilated fighting dog being rehabilitated, even if it could have been saved through hours of surgery and postsurgical treatment, and then adopted were beyond remote. Phrase/ pg 26

Oleh sebab itu, tidak terbayangkan adanya kemungkinan rehabilitasi bagi anjing petarung yang dimutilasi, bahkan sesudah dilakukan pembedahan dan perawatan untuk kemudian diadopsi.

Clause/ pg 24

P-C

When I asked the SPCA’s

director of operations whether the presence of a bait dog would have necessarily meant that there had to have been fighting dogs at the site.

Phrase/ pg 27

Aku pun bertanya pada pada direktur oprasional SPCA, apakah keberadaan anjing umpan pasti berarti ada anjing-anjing petarung ditempat yang sama. Clause/ pg 25

P-C

The dogs being used for street fighting are often kept at a different location from where they are fought.

Anjing yang digunakan sebagai anjing petarung sering disimpan di tempat yang berbeda dari tempat

(44)

Phrase/ pg 28 pertarungannya. Clause/ pg 25

I the end, the only the important think is the fact that Oogy was discovered and brought in for threatment.

Phrase/Pg 29

Aku pun bertanya pada direktur oprasional SPCA, apakah keberadaan anjing umpan pasti berarti ada anjing-anjing petarung di tempat yang sama. Clause/ pg 25

P-C

I can’t learn the fate of any people who may have been there when the police burst in.

Phrase/pg 29

Aku tidak dapat mengetahui apa yang terjadi pada orang-orang yang ada disana saat polisi merazia tempat itu. Clause/ pg 27

P-C

Diane is a special blend of animal lover and people person.

Phrase/ pg 31

Diane gabungan pecinta hewan dan orang yang mudah berkomunikasi dengan orang lain. Clause/ pg 29

P-C

Diane turned into the quiet, tree-lined street.

Phrase/Pg 32

Diane membelokkan mobilnya ke jalan yang sunyi, dan diapit pepohonan. Clause/ pg 30

(45)

Medical instruments were stocked inthe drawers of a

stainless-steel examination tablet that stood in the center of the room.

Phrase/ 33

Perangkat medis disimpan di laci-laci sebuah meja periksa yang terbuat dari besi tahan karat yang terletak di tengah ruangan.

Clause/ pg 32

P-C

His head and neck were caked with iodine brown dried blood. Phrase/ pg 38

Kepala dan lehernya penuh noda darah yang

mengering. Clause/ pg 34

P-C

Even with the pup’s face so swollen and mutilated, Diane thought that he was undeniably cute.

Phrase.pg 39

Bahkan dengan wajah yang bengkak dan termutilasi, di mata Diane anjing kecil itu masih terlihat sangat lucu. Clause/ pg 35

P-C

They were stonemasons, welders, and carpenters who had always taken great pride in what they created for the use of others. Phrase/ pg 39

Mereka bekerja sebagai tukang batu, tukang las, dan kayu yang selalu

membanggakan karya mereka yang bermanfaat bagi orang lain.

Clause/ pg 36

P-C

He cut away the dead tissue and inserted a Penrose drain into the

Dia memotong jaringan yang telah mati dan memasukkan

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exposed portion of the animal’s face.

Phrase/Pg 40

penyedot Penrose ke bagian terbuka pada wajah si anjing. Clause/ pg 36

She had saved the dog from certain euthanasia and then set in motion the process to provide some semblance of normality in the dog’s life.

Phrase/ pg 43

Dine bukan saja

menyelamatkan anjing ini dari suntikan mati, tapi juga mengupayakan proses memberikan keadaan yang nyaris normal.

Clause/ pg 39

P-C

He was just another white pit bull as far as I was concerned, Dr Bianco later told me. But he had a charming personality.

Phrase/ pg 44

Bagi saya dia hanya seekor pitbull, ujar Dr. Bianco kepaaku. Tetapi, dia memiliki kepribadian yang memesona. Clause/ pg 40

P-C

Several mount later, the kid came back with he dog torn up again. Phrase/ Pg 44

Beberapa bulan kemudian anak itu datang kembali dengan anjing yang terluka lagi.

Clause/ pg 41

P-C

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the boys were very young, one of their favorite stories was how the pets they shared the house with then.

Phrase/Pg 47

mereka masih kecil, salah satu cerita yang mereka sukai adalah bagaimana mereka mendapatkan hewan peliharaan mereka.

Clause/ pg 44

I would be flattering myself if I said that I’d been ambivalent about becoming a father. Nothing about parenting had generated any eagerness in me, no doubt as a result of the attenuated

relationship I had had with my own parent and the experiences of my own childhood.

Phrase/Pg 48

Aku tidak pernah terlalu bersemangat untuk menjadi orang tua dan membesarkan anak, disebabkan oleh hubunganku yang tidak terlalu baik dengan orang tuaku dan pengalaman masa kecilku sendiri.

Clause/ pg 45

P-C

However, Jennifer badly wanted to be a mother, I argreed to pursue the choice.

Phrase/Pg 48

Akan tetapi, karna Jennifer sangat ingin menjadi seoranng ibu, aku setuju untuk menjalani pilihan yang ada.

Clause/ pg 45

P-C

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south New Jersey that did not consider age a determinative factor in one’s ability to be a good parent.

Phrase/ 48

Jersey yang tidak

mempersoalkan usia calon orangtua dalam menentukan apakah seseorang dapat menjadi orangtua angkat yang baik.

Clause/ pg 45

They know the child will be well loved and that they are sharing gift of inestimable value. Phrase/ Pg 49

Mereka benar-benar tau bahwa mereka sangat

disayangi dan bahwa mereka berbagi karunia yang tak terhingga nilainya. Clause/ pg 46

P-C

When an expectant mother or couple who wanted to place their child for adoption through Golden Cradle contacted the agency, Golden Cradle would focus on what important to the birth mother or birt parent. Phrase/ Pg 49

Saat ibu yang sedang hamil atau pasangan calon orang tua kandung bayi mendatangi Golden Cradle, agen ini memusatkan perhatian pada apa yang dianggap penting bagi ibu.

Clause/ pg 46

P-C

(49)

religion or lifestyle? Phrase/ pg 50

bagi anda, agama atau minat? Clause/ pg 46

You’re all going to be parents. One couple has to be first. Phrase/ pg 50

Anda semua akan menjadi orangtua. Memang ada yang menjadi pasangan pertama yang mendapaykan bayi. Clause/ pg 47

P-C

And one couple has to be the last.

Phrase/ pg 50

Dan ada yang menjadi orangtua yang terakhir. Clause/ pg 47

P-C

We stopped wondering about and planning for a future

centeredaround kids. Phrase/ pg 51

Kami pun berhenti menghayalkan dan

merencanakan masa depan yang terpusat pada anak-anak kami.

Clause/ pg 48

P-C

I had never before held a newborn child.

Phrse/ Pg 60

Aku belum pernah menggendong bayi yang baru lahir. Clause/ pg 56

P-C

Now I was afraid of not being a good one.

Phrase/ Pg 61

Tapi sekarang aku takut tidak mampu menjadi ayah yang baik. Clause/ pg 57

P-C

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nation of twins for years, ever since an old friend of mine had visited with his three month old twin sons.

Phrase/ Pg 62

mengagumi anak kembar, sejak teman lamaku berkunjung dengan putra kembar mereka yang berusia tiga bulan.

Clause/ pg 58

She want to make sure that she would give them the best possible start in life. Phrase/ Pg 63

Dia ingin memastikan kedua anaknya mendapat kehidupan yang lebih baik.

Clause/ pg 59

P-C

Other relatives of mine would also drop by preodically, my closest aunt and uncle, Ester and Bernie, the most often, and they were also the most help next to Jennifer’s parents.

Phrase/ Pg 66

Beberapa kerabatku juga sering berkunjung, seperti bibi dan paman terdekatku, Ester dan Bernie, yang paling sering datang selain orang tua Jennifer.

Clause/ pg 62

P-C

My parents seem to have assumed that my brother, being older, could deal with susi’s death.

Phrase/ Pg 70

Orangtuaku tampaknya menganggap kakakku yang sudah lebih besar waktu itu, mampu mengatasi kesedihan atas meninggalnya Susie. Clause/ pg 65

(51)

My father had a keen intellect; he interests were diverse. Phrase/ Pg 71

Ayahku memiliki kecerdasan yang menarik, dengan beragam niat.

Clause/ pg 66

P-C

The lives of the dead set examples for us.

Phrase/ Pg 73

Kehidupan orang yang meninggal dapat menjadi contoh bagi kita.

Clause/ pg 68

P-C

My most disappointing moments as a father have been when I felt that I had actes too authoritarian and interjected anger into the moment. Phrase/ Pg 74

Saat-saat yang kurasa paling mengecewakan selama aku menjadi seorang ayah adalah saat aku berlaku terlalu keras dan mengikut sertakan amarah di dalamnya. Clause/ pg 69

P-C

What will have happened in my life before we reopen it for the next summer.

Phrase/ Pg 77

Apa yang akan terjadi dalam hidupku sebelum kembali mengunjungi rumah pantai di musim panas yang akan datang. Clause/ pg 71

P-C

In January 2002, buzzy, our black and white cat, begun

Pada bulan Januari tahun 2002, Buzzy kucing kami

(52)

dying.

Phrase/ Pg 79

yang berbulu hitam dan putih mulai sekarat. Clause/ pg 74

He had been a loving friend, a boon companion, as they say. Phrase/ Pg 80

Ia menjadi kawan yang baik, sahabat sejati, begitu kata orang. Clause/ pg 75

P-C

I cleaned him off with damp cloth and some pet shampoo. Phrase/ Pg 80

Kubersihkan Buzzy dengan kain basah yang hangat dan sedikit sampo hewan.

Clause/ pg 75

P-C

I was lazily rubbing his head, which he held erect, his dark eyes following us, his tail beating the table in a slow, steady rhythm. Phrase/ Pg 87

Perlahan kuusap kepalanya yang tegak, sambil matanya terus mengikuti kami, dan ekornya memukul-mukul meja perlahan dengan irama yang teratur.

Clause/ pg 81

P-C

It was clear that he understood something was going on. Phrase/ Pg 89

Dia kelihatan sangat

memahami apa yang terjadi. Clause/ pg 83

P-C

I gently rubbed the valvet in between his shoulders.

Kuusap bagian di antara kedua bahunya yang

(53)

Phrase/ Pg 89 selembut beludru. Clause/ pg 83

Then he had, you’ve got yourself a great dog.

Phrase/ Pg 89

Dr Bianco pun menambahkan, anda

mendapat seekor anjing yang luar biasa.

Clause/ pg 83

P-C

I said, we’re the lucky ones, I think.

Phrase/ Pg 90

Menurutku kami lah yang beruntung, ujarku pada dr Bianco.

Clause/ pg 84

P-C

I examined the labels, trying to discern what would offer the most quality and nourishment. Phrase/ Pg 93

Kuperiksa lebelnya untuk menentukan makann mana yang menawarkan mutu dan asupan gizi yang terbaik. Clause/ pg 86

P-C

The largest amount of open space was in the living room at the end of the hall.

Phrase/ Pg 97

Ruang terbuka yang paling besar di rumah kami ada di ruang tamu di ujung selasar. Clause/ pg 90

(54)

He is really very special. Phrase/ Pg 98

Ia anjing yang sangat istimewa.

Clause/ pg 91

P-C

I ran my hands over both sides of his head, creful not to draw any distinction between the scored and the intact part of his face. Phrase/ Pg 102

Kuusapkan tanganku sepanjang kedua sisi kepalanya dengan hati-hati agar tidak terasa jelas perbedaan sentuhanku di bagian wajahnyayang terluka.

Clause/ pg 94

P-C

I think that the first thing I did with oogy, acting to assuage his wound.

Phrase/ Pg 102

Kurasa apa yang pertama kali kulakukan dengan oogy adalah menunjukkn sikap untuk meredakan lukanya. Clause/ pg 94

P-C

I put on my old red and black wool mackinaw, opened the black door, and walked with him out into the yard.

Kukenakan jeket wol tuaku yang berwarna merah dan hitam, kubuka pintu

belakang dan kuajak dia

(55)

Phrase/ Pg 104 berjalan-jalan di halaman. Clause/ pg 96

But to see the way the three of them now sat together on the couch was the most important think.

Phrase/ Pg 108

Tetapi, melihat bagaimana mereka bertiga duduk bersama di sofa member tanda kepadaku ada hal yang istimewa.

Clause/ pg 100

P-C

As a result, the boys quickly learned that one of them had to keep Oogy company, pay

attention to him, while the other worked.

Phrase/ Pg 108

Alhasil, kedua anakku segera paham bahwa salah satu dari mereka harus bergantian menyibukkan Oogy sambil yang satunya belajar. Clause/ pg 100

P-C

She asked how Oogy was doing. Clause/ Pg 109

Dia menanyakan keadaan oogy.

Phrase/ pg 100

C-P

The boys had slept in the same room. Pg 110

Kedua anakku tidur di kamar yang sama. Clause/ pg 102

P-C

The picture of the three of them sleeping together that first night,

Gambaran mereka bertiga terlelap bersama di malam

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illuminated by ligh outside the window, where a strong wind rustled the tree, imprinted itself indelibly in my memory.

Phrase/ Pg 112

pertama itu dengan diterangi cahaya dari luar jendela, dengan angin kencang yang mengguncang pepohonan tertanam dalam ingatanku. Clause/ pg 104

A stern faced judge in a black robe is looking down at a little doggy.

Phrase/ Pg 117

Seorang hakim yang memakai jubah hitam dan menatap seekor anak anjing. Clause/ pg 108

P-C

The decapitatedpencils were left where they had at them.

Phrase/ Pg 118

Pensil yang sudah cacat ditinggalkannya begitu saja dimana pun ia dapat

menjatuhkannya. Clause/ pg 109

P-C

I know he is feeling guilty of something, and the first thing I check is the refigenerator. Phrase/ Pg 125

Aku tau ia merasa bersalah karena melakukan kenakalan, dan yang pertama kuperiksa adalah lemari es.

Clause/ pg 115

P-C

We decied to have a new electronic fence installed.

Kami memutuskan untuk memasang pagar listrikyang

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Phrase/ Pg 129 baru.Clause/ pg 120

He would immediately transform himself into a completely

different animal from the one we have encountered in his life so far.

Phrase/ Pg 136

Ia akan langsung mengubah dirinya menjadi hewan yang benar-benar berbeda dari yang kami kenal selama ini. Clausa/ pg 127

P-C

The sound of his growling reverberating in the room, had to have been a sobering

experience. Phrase/ Pg 137

Suara geramannya yang sangat menggema di seluruh ruangan pasti menjadi

pengalaman yang cukup menyadarkan.

Clause/ pg 128

P-C

Ever since then, Oogy and I have used the same eye lubricant, as I, too, have “dry eye syndrome”. Phrase/Pg 139

Sejak saat itu aku dan Oogy menggunakan obat tetes pelumas mata yang sama, karena aku juga menderita sindrom ”mata kering”. Clause/ pg 130

P-C

Finally, Dr Bianco told me to get rid of the retractable leash. Phrase/Pg 140

Akhirnya Dr. Bianco menyuruhku mengganti tali kekangdengan tali yang dapat disesuaikan

(58)

panjangnya.Clause/ pg 130

The first picture I saw was of a dogo looked exactly like Oogy. Phrase/Pg 141

Gambar Dogo yang pertama kulihat terlihat persis sama seperti Oogy.

Clause/ pg 131

P-C

The Dogo is derived from a now extinct breed, the Dogo of Cardoba.

Phrase/Pg 142

Jenis Dogo yang merupakan turunan dari jenis anjing yang sudah punah, yaitu Cardoba.

Clause/ pg 132

P-C

I marvel every time at his regular and relaxed deep breathing. Phrase/ Pg 149

Aku mengaggumi setiap tarikan nafasnya yang santai dan teratur.

Clause/ pg 139

P-C

A sweet white dog face, a large, black nose, a floppy ear.

Phrase/ Pg 152

Wajah anjing yang putih dan manis, hidung hitam besar dengan telinga terkulai. Clause/ pg 142

P-C

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grotesque, with a nub of an ear, textured scar tissue instead ofwhite fur and exposed upper canine.

Phrase/ Pg 152

terlihat sangat mengerikan, dengan sebongkah sisa telinga, jaringan parut bertekstur sebagai pengganti bulu putih, dan rahang atas yang terlihat jelas.

Clause/ pg 142

Only because the patient was Oogy.

Phrase/ Pg 155

Hanya karena Oogy yangmenjadi pasien. Clause/ pg 145

P-C

This guy is not cheap, but he’s the best there is.

Phrase/ Pg 161

Dokter itu akan menguras biaya yang tidak sedikit, tetapi dia adalah pilihan yang terbaik. Clause/ pg 150

P-C

Oogy, however, panicked when he was shut into the box, even a clear one without a top.

Phrase/ Pg 172

Akan tetapi, Oogy tetap panic ketika ia dimsukkan kedalam kotak, bahkan yang tembus pandang dan tanpa penutup. Clause/ pg 160

P-C

This is a great dog. A great dog. Phrase/ Pg 175

Anjing ini hebat. Anjing yang sangat hebat. Clause/pg 163

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I see hundreds of dogs each mont, and every once in a while there’s one of them that’s really special.

Phrase/ Pg 175

Saya melihat ratusan anjing setiap minggu, dan terkadang ada satu di antara mereka yang benar-benar istimewa. Clause/ pg 163

P-C

The inescapable conclusion is that Oogy was meant to be here. Phrase/ Pg 177

Kesimpulan yang tidak dapat dibantah adalah Oogy memang ditakdirkan untuk berada bersama kami. Clause/ pg 165

P-C

The two large dogs look exactly like dog.

Phrase/ Pg 178

Kedua anjing yang lebih besar itu terlihat persis seperti Oogy.

Clause/ pg 166

P-C

The most important thing was that she had learned this about oogy.

Phrase/

Yang terpenting dia sudah mempelajari perihal Oogy. Clause/ pg 169

P-C

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obvious, the obvious was noteworthy.

Phrase/ Pg 181

menyatakan apa yang jelas terlihat, itu pun sangat layak dicatat. Clause/ pg 169

100

Although both Dan and Noah were accepted into several of the same collage, in the end they made choices that took them thousands of miles part. Phrase/ Pg 199

Meskipun Dan dan Noah diterima di beberapa kampus yang sama, pada akhirnya mereka memilih kampus yang berbeda. Clause/ pg 186

P-C

101

At the same time, I have come to understand that what oogy went through.

Phrase/ Pg 204

Pada saat yang bersamaan aku jadi paham tentang apa yang dialami Oogy. Clause/ pg 191

P-C

102

We simply disregarded them: falling timber, crashing limbs. Phrase/ Pg 209

Kami sekedar

mengabaikannya pohon yang tumbang, cabang yang jatuh. Clause/ pg 195

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4.2 Data Findings

In analyzing the data above, there are 2 changes of shifts, namely phrase to clause and clause to phrase. Here is the table of data finding.

Table 2 Data findings

Kinds of unit shifts

Number of Data Total

P-C

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73,74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102.

101

2 C-P 75 1

Total

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Here the writer concluded there are 102 unit shift containing two types of rank changes, there are phrase to clause (P-C) and clause to phrase (C-P). There are 101 changes phrase to clause and there one changes clause to phrase.

The most dominant unit shifts

To find the most dominant of unit shift in this novel, the writer is going to apply a formula referring to Malo’s method of social research (1986 : 200) . Formula is :

N= X x 100% Y

Where, X : number of sub-category of unit-shift Y : Number of all data

N : The percentage of subcategory of unit-shift

a. The percentage of unit shift from phrase to clause is: N= 101 x 100% = 99,02%

102

b. The percentage of unit shift from clause to phrase is: N= 1 x 100% = 0,98%

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Table 3

Category of unit shifts, sum, percentage

Category of Unit Shift SUM Percentage

From phrase to clause 101 99,02%

From clause to phrase 1 0,98%

Total 102 100 %

Base on the results of the count table above, there are 99, 02% changes from phrase to clause and 0, 98% change from clause to phrase. And the most dominant unit shifts occurs in phrase to clause.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions

After analyzing the data from novel Larry Levin Oogy, the dog only a family could love and its translation Oogy, anjing buruk rupa yang setia menemani perjalanan suka dan duka sebuah keluarga by Maria Elvire. The writer concluded that:

There are two sub category unit shifts that analyzis in Larry Levin’s novel Oogy, the dog only a family could love and its translation Oogy, anjing buruk rupa yang setia menemani perjalanan suka dan duka sebuah keluarga by Maria Elvire. That is phrase to clause and clause to phrase.

There are 101 shifts from phrase to clause or 99,02% and 1 unit shifts from clause to phrase or 0, 98%.

The data calculated based on malo’s method shows that the unit shifts occurred from phrase to clause is the most dominant, it has 101 data or 99, 02%.

5.2 Suggestions

Translation is an interesting subject to study.Translation also essential, by doing translation we get a good meaning and the result of translation become more flexible and nature.

Many shifts we can analyzed in traslation. So, in the next time, I suggest for people who are interested in studying translation in order to analyze the translation shift as deeply as possible in other novel or other literary. Such as, analyzes level shift or sub-shift of category shift.

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Translation retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation on February 2014 Venuti, Lawrence. 2000. The Translation Studies Reader. London: Routledge.