Lia Marina : An Analysis Of Action And Reaction In Three Selected George Walker Bush’s Speeches: A Text Analysis, 2010.
giving tasks so the patterns flow. In such a situation, it is the language as action. But where the mode is not spontaneous and monologic, the language is used as reflection.
CHAPTER III METHOD OF ANALYSIS
Research Method
There are three kinds of research based on the location of the research i.e. library research, laboratory, and field research Bungin, 2005: 40-41. In this thesis,
the library research method is applied by collecting some theories and informations about a text analysis of action and reaction from books, thesis, internet, and other
sources which support the writing.
3.2 Data Collecting Method
According to Arikunto 2006: 223-232 there are five kinds of method in collecting data i.e. test, questionaire, interview, observation, and documentation
Lia Marina : An Analysis Of Action And Reaction In Three Selected George Walker Bush’s Speeches: A Text Analysis, 2010.
method. In this writing, the documentation method is used in collecting data. The data is collected randomly from the internet.
3.3 Data Analysis Method
The datum are analyzed by using descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods Arikunto, 2006: 239 and applied by some procedures or steps. Firstly, the
speeches texts are collected randomly from the internet and chosen only three of them. Secondly, each text of speech is divided into clauses. For example, “Whether
we bring our enemies to justice or bring justice to our enemies, justice will be done.” This sentence can be divided into three clauses. They are:
1. Whether we bring our enemies to justice,
2. We bring justice to our enemies,
3. Justice will be done.
The total number of the clauses in each text of speech become population and sample in the analysis. Thirdly, types of action and reaction are identified and then classified
into their types of action and reaction. Fourthly, the register variables are tried to be found in each text of speech. Fifthly, the most dominant types of action and reaction
are tried to be found in those three speeches. Finally, some conclusions are made about the research and some suggestions are proposed.
In order to get the dominant action and reaction process, the following formula is used Bungin, 2005: 171-172:
fx n = x 100
N
Where: n = Percentage of types fx = Total types frequency of the sub-category
Lia Marina : An Analysis Of Action And Reaction In Three Selected George Walker Bush’s Speeches: A Text Analysis, 2010.
N = Total types of all categories For example:
An analysis of action: 1. America has no truer friend than Great Britain. 2. “Who attacked our country?”
First clause is a statement because it is realized by a declarative type while in second is a question because it is realized by interrogative or Wh- type.
An analysis of reaction: 1.
Mental process is process of sensing, in which a participant, i.e. a conscious being or thing, is engaged in a process of seeing, feeling or thinking, which
may involve some other participants.
2. Epithet is a substance of language which function is to explain characteristic
of substance. Epithet explains the characteristic of something. For example: “ …but not at the center of a great city on a peaceful morning.”
The word peaceful is epithet because it explains the characteristic of morning. 3. Modality is personal opinion, view, and consideration of the speaker by using
modals auxiliary such as cancould, maymight, shallwill, musthavehashad to, can’t have, must have, certainly, always, probably, usually, perhaps,
possibly, obliged to, required to, sometimes, never, definitely, most likely, conceivably, I reckon, I guess, I think, I suppose, I’m sure, and I sometimes.
For example: The Taliban must act. The clause above consists of modals and personal opinion of the speaker.
4. Euphemism is polite expression used by the speaker. A euphemism is a
substitution of an agreeable or less offensive expression in place of one that We
have seen the unfurling of flags
Senser Process: mental, perception
Phenomenon
Lia Marina : An Analysis Of Action And Reaction In Three Selected George Walker Bush’s Speeches: A Text Analysis, 2010.
may offend or suggest something unpleasant to the listener or in the case of doublespeak, to make it less troublesome for the speaker.
For example: •
fee for ‘fine’. •
adult entertainment for ‘pornography’. •
to cut excesses in a budget for ‘to fire employees’. 5.
Connotative meaning consists of extra meaning. For example: Rose can be associated with love, passion, and beauty.
Register Variables:
1. Field of discourse is what is actually taking place in discourse-in-text.
Field of discourse: The President’s nation speech after September 11
th
attack in 2001 to a joint session of Congress and nation. Bush made a declaration about who
had attacked their country. 2.
Tenor of discourse is who is taking part. Tenor of discourse: Members of United State Congress, America government,
the victims of September 11
th
attack, and American people. 3.
Mode of discourse is what role language is playing. Mode of discourse: Written text to be spoken to the audience. The text is a
formal national document.
Lia Marina : An Analysis Of Action And Reaction In Three Selected George Walker Bush’s Speeches: A Text Analysis, 2010.
CHAPTER IV THE ANALYSIS OF ACTION, REACTION, AND REGISTER IN THREE
