Review of Related Studies

Conflict: the struggle that grows out of the interplay of the two opposing forces in a PLOT. Conflict provides interest, suspense, and tension. At least one of the opposing forces is usually a person, or, if an animal or inanimate object, is treated as though it were a person Holman and Harmon, 1986:107. Usually, the character is a human being and if there is not a human, such as: an animal or not an animate object then the character is considered as human being. Moreover, conflict itself has a role to develop the atmosphere of the story by the tension of the conflict presented in a literary work, so that a novel will become interesting depends on how the conflict is triggered. According to Drs. Sunaryono Basuki Koesnosoebroto, M.A., in his book entitled The Anatomy of Prose Fiction, conflict is defined as follows: “In Perrine’s words conflict is a clash of actions, ideas, or wills Koesnosoebroto, 1988:43. ” From the quotation conflict is defined as a situation in which there are two opposing forces with the same quality and we have to choose one of the forces. The forces clash to each other because each of the forces have their own consequence that needs a full consideration before decide to choose one of them. Moreover, Koesnosoebroto divides the conflict into two main types: internal conflict and external conflict. Below is the types of conflicts: Conflict may be external or internal. Internal conflict between aspects of the personality, or external conflict between a person and an external force another person, society, environment, nature, the universe, God Koesnosoebroto, 1988:43. From the quotation above we can see that conflict in literature is divided into two main types, internal conflict and external conflict. The internal conflict is the conflict that happens inside the character itself and the forces are mostly between ideology, wills of the character and the character’s nature, while external conflict is about the conflict that happens between the character and the other character or forces outside the character. In external conflict there are at least two opposing forces involve, the forces are the character and the force from the outside of the character, such as the people, another character, and the external conflict also can be the nature. Furthermore, from the internal conflict and external conflict Koesnosoebroto expands the types of conflict into four sub-types: a. Man-against-Man In man-against-man, the main character have a clash with an external force and mostly the force itself is another character, but in some cases the external force can be more than one characters Koesnosoebroto, 1988:43. b. Man-against-Environment. The conflict of man-against-environment, the character have a different ideology, and wills with the people around the character, and the difference becomes a conflict when the character confronts with the people around the character Koesnosoebroto, 1988:43. c. Man-against-Himself In man-against-himself, there is a clash between character ’s wills or idea and the character’s own nature, such as the bad habits or the emotions.This kind of conflict occurs on the character himselfherself, and in this conflict the character struggles to change hisher own nature Koesnosoebroto, 1988:43. d. Man-against-Nature The conflict of man against nature, the character fights against the natural forces such as the weather, the geographical situations. In this type of conflict the character struggles against the natural forces in order to fulfill the character’s wills Koesnosoebroto, 1988:43.

2. Domestic Violence

In this section the writer is going to talk about the theory of domestic violence, which is the issue to be revealed in this thesis. According to Margi Laird McCue in her book entitled Domestic Violence: A Reference Handbook, Second Edition, the definition of domestic violence which is also known as “intimate partner violence,” “ spouse abuse,” “marital strife,” “intimate fighting,” “domestic abuse,” and so on., has been developed at least twice during 1991-1995 McCue, 2008:2. The first development was occured in 1991 the definition of domestic violence used by some legal professionals was “the emotional, physical, psychological or sexual abuse perpetrated against a person by that person’s spouse, former spouse, partner, former partner. Abuse may include threats, harm, injury, harassment, control, terrorism or damage to living beings or property” McCue, 2008:2. The second development was about redefining the understanding of domestic violence in 1995 by the Oregon Domestic Violence Council and the amandement of the deifinition was based on the violence as the pattern of behaviors and following is the definition “a pattern of coercive behavior used by one person to