1. Conflicts
Conflict in common definition is the clash between two or more than two forces, the force itself has the same power with another force, and in this situation
it is hard to take a decision on choosing a particular force. It is the same as what is stated in
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 7th edition: “Conflict is a situation in which there are opposing ideas, opinions, feelings or wishes; a
situation in which it is difficult to choose Hornby, 2005:319. ”
For further comprehension about conflict there is a definition that is from literary point of view. The definition is stated as follows:
a conflict is the opposition of two people. They may fight, argue, enlist help against each other, and otherwise carry on their oppostion. Conflicts
may also exist between larger groups of people, although in fiction conflicts between individuals are more identifiable and therefore more
interesting. Conflict may also exist between an individual and larger forces, such as natural objects, ideas, modes of behavior, public opinion,
and the like Roberts and Jacobs, 1987:87-88.
In the relation to the common defintion of conflict before, the main idea of conflict is till about the opposing forces, but in the quotation above the idea of
conflict is then expanded, it is defined that the opposition may happen between two individuals or two groups of people, and also it may happen between the
individual and other forces such as: ideas, the norm in the society, and the other natural forces.
Another review about conlict is from A Handbook to Literature 5th Edition, the definition is stated as follows:
Conflict: the struggle that grows out of the interplay of the two opposing forces in a PLOT. Conflict provides interest, suspense, and tension. At
least one of the opposing forces is usually a person, or, if an animal or inanimate object, is treated as though it were a person Holman and
Harmon, 1986:107.
Usually, the character is a human being and if there is not a human, such as: an animal or not an animate object then the character is considered as human being.
Moreover, conflict itself has a role to develop the atmosphere of the story by the tension of the conflict presented in a literary work, so that a novel will become
interesting depends on how the conflict is triggered. According to Drs. Sunaryono Basuki Koesnosoebroto, M.A., in his book
entitled The Anatomy of Prose Fiction, conflict is defined as follows: “In Perrine’s
words conflict is a clash of actions, ideas, or wills Koesnosoebroto, 1988:43. ”
From the quotation conflict is defined as a situation in which there are two opposing forces with the same quality and we have to choose one of the forces.
The forces clash to each other because each of the forces have their own consequence that needs a full consideration before decide to choose one of them.
Moreover, Koesnosoebroto divides the conflict into two main types: internal conflict and external conflict. Below is the types of conflicts:
Conflict may be external or internal. Internal conflict between aspects of the personality, or external conflict between a person and an external force
another person, society, environment, nature, the universe, God Koesnosoebroto, 1988:43.
From the quotation above we can see that conflict in literature is divided into two
main types, internal conflict and external conflict. The internal conflict is the conflict that happens inside the character itself and the forces are mostly between
ideology, wills of the character and the character’s nature, while external conflict
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