Domestic violence revealed through Elizabeth's Conflicts in Nicholas Sparks' "The Lucky One".

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xi ABSTRACT

SIMON (2013). Domestic Violence Revealed through Elizabeth’s Conflicts in

Nicholas Sparks’ The Lucky One. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters,

Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University.

This study discusses Nicholas Sparks’ novel The Lucky One. This novel shows the relationship between Elizabeth and her ex-husband, Keith Clayton where the ex-husband always interrupts Elizabeth’s romantic life. The writer chooses to analyze the domestic violence revealed through the conflicts that occur between Elizabet and Keith.

There are two problems analyzed in this study: (1) What are the conflicts experienced by Elizabeth? (2) How do the conflicts reveal the issue of domestic violence?

This study uses Roberts and Jacobs, Koesnosoebroto, McCue, de Beavoir and Bressler’s theories. In this study the writer applies the library research method and uses the feminism approach. The approach is choosen because this study examines woman’s status in the society.

Based on the analysis, there are two main points which can be drawn from this study. The first point is the conflicts experienced by Elizabeth are mostly the external conflicts and the other conflicts are the internal conflicts. The external conflicts happen between Elizabeth and Keith, the conflicts are about the custody of their son and also about Keith who always interrupting Elizabeth’s romance with other man. The internal conflicts happen between Elizabeth and herself. In the conflicts she faces two choices which have the importance with their own consequences. She have to choose between following her thought of keeping Ben on the weekend or following Keith’s custody eventhough her son does not like to spend the weekend with his father.

The second conclusion is the conflicts experienced by Elizabeth are categorized into domestic violence because of the relationship between the two people and in the conflicts she was being victimized physically, emotionally, psychologically, and sexually by Keith’s behavior. In conclusion the conflicts of Elizabeth are related to Keith and those conflicts have influenced Elizabeth’s life because she is victimized with Keith’s behavior and it is categorized as domestic violence. Furthermore from the violence experienced, Elizabeth’s position as a woman is considered under the male domination.

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xii ABSTRAK

SIMON (2013). Domestic Violence Revealed through Elizabeth’s Conflicts in

Nicholas Spark’s The Lucky One. Yogyakarta: Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas

Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma.

Skripsi ini membahas sebuah novel berjudul The Lucky One, karya Nicholas Sparks. Dalam novel ini menceritakan hubungan antara Elizabeth and Keith Clayton yang adalah mantan suaminya, dalam hubungan tersebut kehidup Elizabeth sering diusik oleh mantan suaminya yang sering mencampuri urusan asmaranya. Penulis memilih untuk menganalisa kekerasan rumah tangga yang terjadi dalam konflik antara Elizabeth dan Keith.

Ada dua masalah yang dianalisa dalam skripsi ini: (1) Apa saja konflik yang ada pada Elizabeth? (2) Bagaimanakah isu kekerasan rumah tangga muncul dalam konflik tersebut?

Penelitian ini menggunakan teori-teori dari Roberts dan Jacobs, Koesnosoebroto, McCue, dan Bressler. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan dan menggunakan pendekatan feminisme. Pendekatan feminisme dipilih karena pendekatan ini meneliti status seorang wanita dalam sebuah masyarakat.

Berdasarkan penelitian, ada dua hal utama yang dapat ditarik dalam skripsi ini. Hal pertama adalah sebagian besar konflik yang dialami Elizabeth merupakan konflik eksternal dan juga konflik internal. Konflik eksternal terjadi antara Elizabeth dan Keith, dan konflik tersebut terjadi perihal hak asuh putra mereka dan juga perihal Keith yang selalu mengusik kehidupan percintaan Elizabeth dengan pria lain. Konflik internal terjadi di dalam diri Elizabeth sendiri. Dalam konflik tersebut dia menghadapi dua pilihan yang memiliki kepentingan yang sama kuat. Dia harus memilih antara mengikuti pikirannya untuk mempertahankan Ben pada saat akhir pekan atau mengikuti hak asuh Keith yang mengharuskan Ben untuk berakhir pekan bersama ayahnya sedangkan Ben sendiri tidak menyukainya.

Hal kedua adalah konflik yang dialami oleh Elizabeth merupakan kekerasan rumah tangga karena hubungan antara Elizabeth dan Keith serta dalam konflik tersebut Elizabeth menjadi korban dari perlakuan Keith yang melukai secara emosi, psikis, fisik, dan seksual. Dari kedua hal tersebut dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa konflik yang dialami Elizabeth berhubungan dengan Keith dan konflik tersebut berpengaruh dalam kehidupannya yang menjadi korban atas perlakuan Keith dan konflik tersebut dikategorikan sebagai kekerasan rumah tangga. Dan, kekerasan yang dialami Elizabeth membuat posisinya sebagai seorang wanita berada di bawah dominasi laki-laki.

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DOMESTIC VIOLENCE REVEALED THROUGH

ELIZABETH’S CONFLICTS IN NICHOLAS SPARKS’

THE

LUCKY ONE

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra

in English Letters

By SIMON

Student Number: 084214019

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA 2013

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DOMESTIC VIOLENCE REVEALED THROUGH

ELIZABETH’S CONFLICTS IN NICHOLAS SPARKS’

THE

LUCKY ONE

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra

in English Letters

By SIMON

Student Number: 084214019

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA 2013

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“The fear of the Lord is the beginning

of wisdom; and the knowledge of the

Holy is understanding.”

Proverb 9:10

The greatest accomplishment

is not in never failing, but in

rising again after you fall.

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vii

Dedicated

To

The Almighty God, Jesus Christ

The Name above all names,

To

My Beloved Parents

Who Never Quit Couraging,

And

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viii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

My first gratitude is for the almighty God, Jesus Christ, who has given me a wonderful life. It has been His grace for me to finish the study, especially the undergraduate thesis.

My deepest gratitude goes to my parents, Subianto Kam and Vera Susanti Can, who always support me with prayers and love.

I would like to thank my advisor, Dewi Widyastuti, S. Pd, M. Hum, and my co-advisor, Elisa Dwi Wardani, S.S., M.Hum, for helping me to write this undergraduate thesis. I thank their patience, guidance, and ideas, in developing my undergraduates thesis.

My gratitude also goes to all the lecturers and the staff of English Letters Department, I thank them for all of their knowledege, wonderful experiences, and their guidance. I will not forget these valuable moments.

I also would like to thank all my friends in English Letters Department class of 2008. They are awesome, I cannot mention the names because all of you are special for me. Thank you for the friendship, I could not believe how I can get this through if without you.

My thank also goes to my boarding house mates, Andri Kurniawan, Johny, Abie. Thank them for their support and companion.

All in all, I thank for everyone who has supported me. All of them are meaningful.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ... i

APPROVAL PAGE ... ii

ACCEPTANCE PAGE ... iii

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ... iv

STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY... v

MOTTO PAGE ... vi

DEDICATION PAGE ... vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... ix

ABSTRACT ... xi

ABSTRAK ... xii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ... 1

A. Background of the Study ... 1

B. Problem Formulation ... 3

C. Objective of the Study ... 3

D. Definition of Terms ... 4

CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW ... 6

A. Review of Related Studies ... 6

B. Review of Related Theories ... 8

1. Conflicts ... 9

2. Domestic Violence ... 12

3. Feminism ... 15

C. Theoretical Framework ... 16

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ... 19

A. Object of the Study ... 19

B. Approach of the Study ... 21

C. Method of the Study ... 23

CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ... 25

A. The Conflict of Elizabeth ... 25

1. Man against Man ... 26

2. Man against Himself ... 31

B. Domestic Violence Revealed through the Conflicts ... 33

1. Physical Violence ... 34

2. Sexual Abuse ... 35

3. Emotional Abuse ... 36

4. Psychological Abuse ... 37

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BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 46 APPENDIX ... 47

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xi ABSTRACT

SIMON (2013). Domestic Violence Revealed through Elizabeth’s Conflicts in

Nicholas Sparks’ The Lucky One. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters,

Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University.

There are two problems analyzed in this study: (1) What are the conflicts experienced by Elizabeth? (2) How do the conflicts reveal the issue of domestic violence?

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xii ABSTRAK

SIMON (2013). Domestic Violence Revealed through Elizabeth’s Conflicts in

Nicholas Spark’s The Lucky One. Yogyakarta: Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas

Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma.

Ada dua masalah yang dianalisa dalam skripsi ini: (1) Apa saja konflik yang ada pada Elizabeth? (2) Bagaimanakah isu kekerasan rumah tangga muncul dalam konflik tersebut?

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1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

The topic of domestic violence is chosen because in this modern era the issue of gender equality between men and women, or women liberation has become the common issue in the world. People nowadays seemed to realize that women or female have the same quality as men or male, so that the women have the same opportunity in education, politic, and also in the professional field. We can find that, there is no more chairman or spokesman in the professional field and it changes into chairperson or spokesperson due to the liberation. In contrast to the past women were treated as the lower class in the society, most women experienced the domestic violence where they were battered and abused by the men in the family.

Despite the liberation, the issue of domestic violence still found in the society, there is still violence that happens to women although we admit that people in common have accepted the equality and women are already treated more “humanly”. The issue of trafficking and sexual abuse seems to continue to threaten the existence of being women or female. There are still cases in the society related to the domestic violence, such as women are battered when they have arguments with their husband or with their man.

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In this thesis, a novel written by Nicholas Sparks entitled The Lucky One is the main source of materials to study about the issue of domestic violence, in which the novel is going to be analyzed in order to reveal the issue.

Generally, the story is about a man, Logan Thibault, who had an extreme turning in his life after he had a photograph of a young woman during his duty tour as a U.S. marine in Iraq. During the time he “owned” the photograph his life encountered a fortune, he survived from many combats that almost kill him. Five years after the duty tour, Logan made a trip to look for the young woman. As his friend, Victor had asked him to do so because he was a superstitious person and believed that there was something more than the Logan’s encounter to the fortune. The other part of the story is about Elizabeth, a young mother who had divorced from Keith Clayton and the marriage itself was an accident. This woman is described as a beautiful and independent woman who lived with her grandmother and her son with a kennel in Hampton. Although she seemed so independent with her life where she can live with her job as an elementary teacher and also she can be a single parent to her son, it does not mean that she has no flaw.

Related to her ex, Keith Clayton, Elizabeth had problems with him, where she had the matter of spending time with their son. Keith is always angry at his son because he could not do what his father asked him to do. The other problem was Keith’s attitude to Elizabeth’s will on having a new relationship with another man. Keith always intimidates the man who dates Elizabeth, so that the relationship could not last for long time. For the matter about the son, Elizabeth

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could not fight Keith because of the decision which the court had made, and also Keith was the member of the court family.

In relation to Logan Thibault, Elizabeth have a turning point in her life, she re-started to have a new good relationship, which had been her dream that she would like to have a good guy who loved her tenderly. On the other hand, in the meeting with Elizabeth, Logan was hiding the fact of his purpose on going to Hampton, and he lied to her about it.

The conflicts between Keith and Elizabeth about Keith always interrupts Elizabeth’s desire to have a new relationship with a new man and Elizabeth’s position in the law where she could not fight Keith about having the full rights to look after their son. From those two examples we can see that Elizabeth as the woman was being oppressed because in the conflicts Elizabeth was put into a situasion where the women are always treated as the inferior in the society. And in this thesis the issue of domestic violence will be revealed through the life of Elizabeth especially the conflicts she had experienced.

B. Problem Formulation

There are two questions formulated in this thesis as the guidance to reach the target of this thesis.

1. What are the conflicts experienced by Elizabeth?

2. How do the conflicts reveal the issue of domestic violence as seen from the feminist perspective?

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C. Objectives of the Study

The objectives of the study are related to the problem formulation as stated in the previous part. The problem formulations focus on the indication of domestic violence through the conflict in the character of Elizabeth. Therefore the analysis will be based on the two problems which are stated in the previous part. The first objective is to find out the conflicts experienced by Elizabeth, then the second objective is identifying the conflicts and then put the conflict into the category of domestic violence so the issue of domestic violence is revealed.

D. Definitions of Terms

There are two terms used in this thesis, therefore the writer provides some definitions about the terms that are used in this thesis. The definitions are expected to give an understanding about the terms which are related to some specific science, so that the writer hope there will be no misunderstandings and misinterpretation from the readers about the terms that are used in this thesis. 1. Conflict

The term of conflict that is used in this thesis is defined as follows: “a conflict is the opposition of two people. They may fight, argue, enlist help against each other, and otherwise carry on their oppostion. Conflicts may also exist between larger groups of people, although in fiction conflicts between individuals are more identifiable and therefore more interesting. Conflict may also exist between an individual and larger forces, such as natural objects, ideas, modes of behavior, public opinion, and the like.” (Roberts and Jacobs, 1987:87-88). The term of conflict used in this thesis is the opposition between two people or between larger

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groups of people where both of the party have their own idea, and behavior which clash with the idea or behavior of the other party. In addition, conflict such as ideas, public opinion, and behavior may also happen between the individual and the other forces.

2. Domestic violence

The term domestic violence that is used in this thesis is the experience in which women are in the rude treatment from the society especially in the family, they were battered and abused with the man who is also their partner in life. This term is then supported as follows: “a pattern of coercive behavior used by one person to control and subordinate another in an intimate relationship. These behaviors include physical, sexual, emotional, and economic abuse. Tactics of coercion, terrorism, degradation, exploitation, and violence are used to engender fear in the victim in order to enforce compliance” (McCue, 2008:3). From the qoute, domestic violence is a situation in which a partner in an intimate relationship behaves in a abusive pattern in order to conquer another partner. Moreover, the victim in most cases of this kind of violence are women.

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CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL REVIEW

A. Review of Related Studies

In this part the writer is going to qoute the studies related to the novel used in this thesis writing from other researchers. The studies can be the research on the same author of the novel and criticism from the people who have read the novel. The purpose of collecting the studies is that the writer wants to have another perspective on the object of studies. The writer is sure about the criticisms to the novel have the purpose on clearing the idea of the novel, and to help the author to know how his work is accepted in the society. Furthermore, criticisms also mean a remarkable attention from the people towards the novel, the much more criticisms from the people mean the much more people pay attention to the novel.

A study based on the same author of the novel is taken from a thesis written by Puput Trisanti Arini, who is an alumnus of Sanata Dharma University, entitled The Influence of Jamie Sullivan on Landon Carter’s Personaliy Development Seen in Nicholas Sparks’s A Walk to Remember. This thesis analyzes the personality of the characters, go deeper the study is about how a character’s personality can influence the other character’s personality. The study is stated as follows:

From those changes (the development of Landon Carter’s personality from negative into positive), it can be concluded that Landon Carter’s personality development is influenced by significant person that is Jamie Sullivan. Jamie Sullivan makes Landon Carter’s personality becomes better and undergoes qualitative, and slow development (Arini, 2011: xi).

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The other study which is also about the same author of the novel comes from a thesis written by Ika Tri Hastanti, the alumnus of Sanata Dharma University, entitled A Study of The influence of Taylor McAden’s Guilty Feeling upon His Relation with Others as Seen in Nicholas Sparks’ The Rescue. The study is about the character’s guilty feelings which were conducted from the experience where

the character’s father was killed when he saved him from the fire. The feeling gets deeper when his best friend, Mitch, died. The guilty feelings had created Taylor as stubborn, sensitive, hopeless, and temperamental person. The study is stated as follows:

Based on the analysis, the writer can conclude that Taylor’s guilty feeling give major influence to his characters that tend to be negative which then will also give bad influences upon his relation with other characters in this novel. What Taylor does in the present time is a result or an effect of his past (Hastanti, 2005:xii).

Another criticism from (http://elaccampusnews.com/2012/04/25/the-lucky-one-paints-picture-for-romantic-viewers/) is about the story of the novel in which the critic found nothing special on the novel than any other romance story, it is when a boy meets a girl, they fall in love and then they together fight for their love, that is why the readers can obviously imagine how the story will come to an end from the beginning they read the novel. The comment is stated as follows:

The story is predictable. We all clearly know that Logan finds Beth and the two will fall in love and, as with every other romance, we find the two lead characters fighting for their love. Whether or not this latest book-turned-movie attempt stayed true to the novel it was based off of is questionable (Lopez, 2012).

The criticism and the two studies above are about the same novel, and also about the same author of the novel which is used as the object of the study in

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thesis. The studies on the same author above talk about the personality of the characters whose personalities were changing from the beginning until the end of the story as the effect of the experience that the characters had encountered. Then, the criticism on the same novel taken from the internet source talks about the story which is common with the other romance story where a couple fall in love and then they are fighting together for their love.

In this thesis, the main analysis is different to the studies and criticism quoted previously which are about the personality and the romance of the story. In this thesis the writer is going to analyze the situation of woman in the society, especially in the family which is reflected on Elizabeth life where most women experience violence in the family or in their marital life. In the story Elizabeth experienced abusive behaviors from her ex-husband which made her life under his control, she had failed to re-establish her relationship with the other man because of her ex-husband intimidated every man who dated with her. In the other word, the thesis is going to talk about the experience of Elizabeth in her marital life which she experienced domestic violence.

B. Review of Related Theories

Theories reviewed in this thesis are used in order to help the writer to answer the problems in this thesis which is already stated in the previous chapter. This part is about the reviews to the theories that are related to the problem formulation, the review itself is done in order get a comprehension about the theories and these theories can be applied to answer the problem formulation logically.

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1. Conflicts

Conflict in common definition is the clash between two or more than two forces, the force itself has the same power with another force, and in this situation it is hard to take a decision on choosing a particular force. It is the same as what is stated in Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 7th edition: “Conflict is a situation in which there are opposing ideas, opinions, feelings or wishes; a situation in which it is difficult to choose (Hornby, 2005:319).”

For further comprehension about conflict there is a definition that is from literary point of view. The definition is stated as follows:

a conflict is the opposition of two people. They may fight, argue, enlist help against each other, and otherwise carry on their oppostion. Conflicts may also exist between larger groups of people, although in fiction conflicts between individuals are more identifiable and therefore more interesting. Conflict may also exist between an individual and larger forces, such as natural objects, ideas, modes of behavior, public opinion, and the like (Roberts and Jacobs, 1987:87-88).

In the relation to the common defintion of conflict before, the main idea of conflict is till about the opposing forces, but in the quotation above the idea of conflict is then expanded, it is defined that the opposition may happen between two individuals or two groups of people, and also it may happen between the individual and other forces such as: ideas, the norm in the society, and the other natural forces.

Another review about conlict is from A Handbook to Literature 5th Edition, the definition is stated as follows:

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Conflict: the struggle that grows out of the interplay of the two opposing forces in a PLOT. Conflict provides interest, suspense, and tension. At least one of the opposing forces is usually a person, or, if an animal or inanimate object, is treated as though it were a person (Holman and Harmon, 1986:107).

Usually, the character is a human being and if there is not a human, such as: an animal or not an animate object then the character is considered as human being. Moreover, conflict itself has a role to develop the atmosphere of the story by the tension of the conflict presented in a literary work, so that a novel will become interesting depends on how the conflict is triggered.

According to Drs. Sunaryono Basuki Koesnosoebroto, M.A., in his book entitled The Anatomy of Prose Fiction, conflict is defined as follows: “In Perrine’s words conflict is a clash of actions, ideas, or wills (Koesnosoebroto, 1988:43).” From the quotation conflict is defined as a situation in which there are two opposing forces with the same quality and we have to choose one of the forces. The forces clash to each other because each of the forces have their own consequence that needs a full consideration before decide to choose one of them.

Moreover, Koesnosoebroto divides the conflict into two main types: internal conflict and external conflict. Below is the types of conflicts:

Conflict may be external or internal. Internal conflict between aspects of the personality, or external conflict between a person and an external force (another person, society, environment, nature, the universe, God) (Koesnosoebroto, 1988:43).

From the quotation above we can see that conflict in literature is divided into two main types, internal conflict and external conflict. The internal conflict is the conflict that happens inside the character itself and the forces are mostly between ideology, wills of the character and the character’s nature, while external conflict

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is about the conflict that happens between the character and the other character or forces outside the character. In external conflict there are at least two opposing forces involve, the forces are the character and the force from the outside of the character, such as the people, another character, and the external conflict also can be the nature.

Furthermore, from the internal conflict and external conflict Koesnosoebroto expands the types of conflict into four sub-types:

a. Man-against-Man

In man-against-man, the main character have a clash with an external force and mostly the force itself is another character, but in some cases the external force can be more than one characters (Koesnosoebroto, 1988:43). b. Man-against-Environment.

The conflict of man-against-environment, the character have a different ideology, and wills with the people around the character, and the difference becomes a conflict when the character confronts with the people around the character (Koesnosoebroto, 1988:43).

c. Man-against-Himself

In man-against-himself, there is a clash between character’s wills or idea and the character’s own nature, such as the bad habits or the emotions.This kind of conflict occurs on the character himself/herself, and in this conflict the character struggles to change his/her own nature (Koesnosoebroto, 1988:43).

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d. Man-against-Nature

The conflict of man against nature, the character fights against the natural forces such as the weather, the geographical situations. In this type of conflict the character struggles against the natural forces in order to fulfill

the character’s wills (Koesnosoebroto, 1988:43). 2. Domestic Violence

In this section the writer is going to talk about the theory of domestic violence, which is the issue to be revealed in this thesis. According to Margi Laird McCue in her book entitled Domestic Violence: A Reference Handbook, Second Edition, the definition of domestic violence which is also known as “intimate partner

violence,” “ spouse abuse,” “marital strife,” “intimate fighting,” “domestic abuse,” and so on., has been developed at least twice during 1991-1995 (McCue, 2008:2).

The first development was occured in 1991 the definition of domestic violence used by some legal professionals was “the emotional, physical, psychological or

sexual abuse perpetrated against a person by that person’s spouse, former spouse,

partner, former partner. Abuse may include threats, harm, injury, harassment,

control, terrorism or damage to living beings or property” (McCue, 2008:2). The second development was about redefining the understanding of domestic violence in 1995 by the Oregon Domestic Violence Council and the amandement of the deifinition was based on the violence as the pattern of behaviors and

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control and subordinate another in an intimate relationship. These behaviors include physical, sexual, emotional, and economic abuse. Tactics of coercion, terrorism, degradation, exploitation, and violence are used to engender fear in the victim in order to enforce compliance” (McCue, 2008:3).

The wirter combined those two definitions as a pattern coercive behavior used by the person’s spouse, former spouse, partner, former partner with the aim to control and subordinate another in an intimate relationship, while the behaviors include physical, sexual, emotional, and economic abuse. The violence itself is used to create fear in the victim so that the victim obeys the perpetrator (McCue, 2008:2-3).

Another definition that discusses the theory is taken from an article retrieved from (http://www.ovw.usdoj.gov/domviolence.htm) entitled Domestic Violence written by Beatrice Hanson. She is also the acting director of the United States Department of Justice Office on violence Against Women.

The definition of the term domestic violence is a partner’s behavior that abuses another partner in a relationship - the relationship can be a homosexual relationsip or heterosexual relationship - the abuse is done with a purpose to take control over the partner. The abuse became a violence when it violates the victim’s physic by hurting the victim, violates the victim’s sex is abused sexually,

violates the victim’s emotion when the victim is being underestimated and the victim feel discourage, violates the victim’s economy when the victim is not allowed to take a job, or violates the victim’s psychology when the vicitm is threatened or intimidated. In addition, domestic violence may happen to all people

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who are married or was married which means that the violence may occur between a woman and her ex-husband and for those who live together” (Hanson, 2013).

In the other words, domestic violence is the behavior from an intimate partner that abuse another one in order to control and gain power over the partner who become the victim. The violence can be physical, sexual, emotional, economic, and psychological.

There are five types of domestic violence defined according to Hanson: a. Physical Abuse

The abuse that categorized to this category is the abuse that aims to destruct

the victim’s body, or make an uncomfortable interaction to the victim’s body

with a purpose to make the victim obeys the abuser. (Hanson, 2013).

b. Sexual Abuse

Actions that categorized as sexual abuse are forcing the intimate partner to do any sexual contact without the permission or desire from the partner. Moreover, the force that hurts the sexual organ is also categorized as sexual abuse (Hanson, 2013).

c. Emotional Abuse

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d. Economic Abuse

Economic abuse is the behavior that blocks the victim to have money or to make the financial management, in most cases the abuser will block the victim to manage the finance and also force the victim not to take any job. The purpose is to make the victim cannot do much to fulfill the daily needs and that will drive the victim depends the life on the abuser (Hanson, 2013).

e. Psychological Abuse

The words that fit in this category is “intimidation” because it is the best way

for the abuser to take control over the victim’s psychology. The abuser will

use anything to damage the victim’s psychology. When the victim feels

powerless then the victim will be driven to a fear over the abuser. This will cause deep damage than emotional abuse because of the long repeated occurence (Hanson, 2013).

3. Feminism

Feminism is the theory describes the position of females/women in the society, how they are treated in the society, and it also persuades the women to change their rule in the society. According to Bressler’s book entitled Literary Criticism: An Introduction to Theory and Practice, Second Edition, which also discuss about

feminism from the experts, and this one from the theory by Simone de Beavior female is defined as follows:

Because the female is not male, Beavoir asserted, she becomes “the Other,” an object whose existence is defined and interpreted by the male, who is dominant being in society (Bressler, 1999:182).

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According to the quotation above we can see that in the society male is more powerful than female which makes female become dependant to the male, it defines female as the non-significant person in the rule to the society. Furthermore, according to de Beavoir male is defined as the one or the being and that makes female is then defined by the male as “the other.”

Moreover, Elaine Showalter’s theory on feminism in Barry’s book entitled

Beginning Theory: Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory, stated as

follows:

Showalter also detects in the history of women’s writing a feminine phase (1840-80), in which women writers imitated dominant male artistics norm and aesthetic standards; then a feminist (1880-1920), in which radical and often separatist positions are maintained; and finally a female phase (1920 onwards) which looked particularly at female writing and female experience (Barry, 1995:123).

From the quotation of Showalter’s theory above shows that feminism has developed from time to time. In the early phase women began to write literature

by imitating the male’s writing pattern, in the middle phase women tried to write

using their own pattern, and in the last phase women’s writer uses their own

pattern and also uses their experience in the writing.

According to the theory above, there is a movement where women are trying to show their existence one of the movements is in women’s writing and they refuse the male definition of female as “the Other.”

C. Theoretical Framework

The reviews of the studies and the theories above are compiled in this chapter as the supporting data to answer the two problems that have been stated in the previous chapter. The importance of the theories is based on how those theories

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reach a clear understanding to the issues being discussed in this thesis, and the way on applying them for the study will be done systematically according to the order of the problem formulation. The systematic order is done for the clear comprehension of the framework.

The first problem formulation focuses on the conflicts that Elizabeth experienced, and the supporting theories which are also the answer to the problem can be found on the quotation from Drs. Sunaryono Basuki Koesnosoebroto. The theory is important because it clarifies what the conlict is and the types of the conflict that happens in Elizabeth. Meanwhile, the other theories from Holman and Harmon, and also from Roberts and Jacobs have the supporting statement about conflict and it does not straightly point at the problem.

The second problem formulation is about domestic violence and the theory of domestic violence is taken from a book entitled Domestic Violence: A Reference Handbook, Second Edition written by Margi Laird McCue and also taken from an internet article entitled Domestic Violence written by Beatrice Hanson, those two theories will be elaborated in the analysis to create a clear understanding, because the first source discusses the definition and the second one discusses the types of domestic violence. For the analysis part in second problem formulation, each conflict experienced by Elizabeth will be collected, put into category of the violence, and then identified about how the conflicts reveal the issue of domestic violence.

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Furthermore, the theory of feminism is also applied in the analysis in order to define the domestic violence experienced by Elizabeth as the male domination to female.

The theory of conflict, the theory of domestic violence, and the feminism theory are important in this thesis because the theory of conflicts can be used to indentify the conflicts experienced by Elizabeth while the theory of domestic violence is to identify each conflict that show or reveal in the more specific kind of the violence, and the feminism is to give a perspective to the violence experienced by Elizabeth.

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19 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

A. Object of The Study

In this thesis the writer uses a novel entitled The Lucky One, a romantic novel with theme of fate and destiny, which is written by number one New York Times Bestselling author, Nicholas Sparks. The novel was first published in 2008 by Grand Central Publishing, New York.

In the year of 2012 the novel is adapted into a box-office movie using the same title as the title in the novel. It is Warner Bros., who produces the movie and actually it is is not the first time of Sparks’ novel that is adapted into box-office movie. Since February 1999 until recently on February 2013 there are seven novels have been adapted into box-office movie and released in theatre exclude the novel The Lucky One. The movie starring Zac Efron as Logan Thibault and Taylor Schilling as Elizabeth are remakable movie stars, and in the process of the movie it was directed by an Academy Award-nominated writer/director Scott Hicks.

The story took the setting during the time of the United States invasion to Iraq. In the story, Logan Logan was a U.S Marine who had the duty tour in Iraq. His desire to serve in the Marine was influenced by his father who was also a Marine. First time in the duty tour, Logan found difficulty to adapt with the situation in the camp especially with the issue of the enemy’s biological weapon which also strikes most Marines’ psyche, he tried to spend his days by having the

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routine drill and joined his mates on playing card games until the late night. In the card games he had lost much money that he had spent before he enrolled into the Marine so he decided to stop and try another activity. In the early of the other day, he jogged nearby the camp and at the end of the session he found a photograph of a smiling young woman with a phrase “Keep Safe-E” which was buried in the dirt, thinking of someone might have lost the photograph, after back to the camp Logan attached the photograph on the announcement board so the one who had lost the photograph could get it back.

After days passed, no one claimed for the photograph so Logan take back the photograph. Starting from this moment his life strikes into luck, his first luck was when he came back into card game after his friend asked him to re-join the game, previously he had lost much money while in this time he won the money back even gained more money so that he played longer with the other players, the other luck saved him from the combats during his duty tour. A friend who was also a Marine, Victor, told Logan that the photograph had brought him into luck because he believed in superstitions that the photograph was a lucky charm, but Logan just did not to pay so much attention on his friend’s superstition until five years after the duty tour was over he still remembered on what his friend had told him.

Coming back home in Colorado, Logan was haunted by his friend’s suggestion on looking for the woman in the photograph. At last, he followed his friends suggestion and with the lack of information which was only found in the photograph about the woman in the photograph he took a trip by foot to Hampton, North Carolina.

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The long journey had brought him and his fellow-dog, Zeus into a small town in North Carolina. In the town he tried to get more information about the woman from the men in the same age as her. He found out that the young woman named Elizabeth, she was a divorced young mother who lived with her grandmother and a son in the grandmother’s house with a kennel. It is like antoher fortune that the kennel was looking for an employee so Logan signed up for job and that was the beginning of Logan involved into Elizabeth’s life. Day by day passing by, Logan and Elizabeth were getting closer and they involved into a relationship. Their relationships was threaten when Elizabeth’s ex husband knew about the photograph that Logan brought and because of his dislike with their relationship he tried to take them a part.

B. Approach of the Study

In this thesis writing, the writer used Feminism as the approach of the study. This approach was choosen because it is related to the study which is about the status of a woman in the society, and the writer sees that in the study the position of woman is being controlled by the men, woman cannot have her relationships with the other man just because her ex-husband does not like her to be with the other man and stalking on her life, those are some of the controls that minimizing the rights of the woman on having the freedom in the society and it is closely related to the purpose of Feminism where the Feminism is to make the people especially women to become conscious with the situation where mostly women are being under the control of the men by limitating the women’s move in the

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society and women must fight against the situation because women and men are equal.

There is a definition about what Feminism is according to Maggie Humm in her book entitled The Definition of Feminist Theory. The definition is stated as follows.

The definition incorporates both a doctrine of equal rights for women (the organised movement to attain women’s rights) and an ideology of social transformation aiming to create a world for women beyond simple social equality (Humm, 1989:94).

According to the quotation above, feminism means a doctrine that provoke the issue of rights equality between men and women by doing organised movement to establish women’s rights, and an ideology to women’s rights equality in the society.

Moreover, there is a goal of the feminism according to Bressler in his book entitled Literary Criticism, Feminism’s goal is defined as follows.

Feminism’s goal is to change this degrading view of women so that all women will realize that they are not a “nonsignificant Other,” but that each woman is a valuable person possessing the same privileges and rights as every man. Women, feminists declare, must define themselves and assert their own voices in the arenas of politics, society, education, and the arts. By personally committing themselves to fostering such change, feminists hope to create a society where the male and female voices are equally valued. (Bressler, 1999:180).

In the society women are always put as the secondary people, they do not have much access to have an education, politics, work, and they are also have small voice in taking any decision in the society. The purpose of Feminism is to change the general view of women on the society, as previously discussed, that women in the society are treated as the nonsignificant other which means that women have

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no role in the society while men are the only people that role the society and the men also role the women, the other purpose also the liberation of the unequal treatment between men and women by changing women’s view that actually women have the same quality and rights with men, so that women can have the same opportunity with men.

C. Method of the Study

The method that supports the development process of this thesis is library research. The library research means that the sources used as the reference in this thesis writing are taken from the books and from the article in the internet. All of the sources used as the references in this thesis writing have the same role which means that the primary theory and the secondary theory are equally important, and the review about the novel and author of the novel are also important. The importance of the sources means that the sources have the significant contribution to the thesis writing development, the sources of theories have the significant contribution on identifying the definition of conflict and also the type of the conflict, while the reviews of the study is to get another point of view about the author of the novel and people’s critical thinking about the novel. Moreover, the primary source of the thesis is Nicholas Spark’s The Lucky One because it has all the information about the object of the study in order to answer the two problem formulation.

There were systematic steps the writer took for the analysis, the first step was understanding the theories and the other sources which were stated in chapter two. In understanding the theories means that the writer comprehended the sources so

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that there was no misleading in applying the theories to the analysis. After comprehending the theories, the second step was gathering the necessary information that match to the theories from the primary source. The novel, The Lucky One, was divided into chapters and each chapter had the specific point of view from the different character which was related to the other chapter, from the chapters the information that match to the theories were revealed. Some of the information were explicitly revealed and there were also implied information. At last, the gathered theories and the gathered information that matched to the theories were united, which means that the analysis on the two problem formulation was provided with solid and detailed information.

After the analysis was completed which meant the thesis came to a step closer into an end, there was one more chapter to be done. The conclusion part was the chapter that re-state the whole analysis from the findings to the unifying of the information in a brief writing.

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CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS

In this chapter, the whole discussion of the thesis will be presented, the analysis is to discuss the theories and the evidence in The Lucky One which leads to the answer of the two problem formulation. There are two issues of discussion in this chapter as the follow up to the problem formulation, first is the discussion on the conflicts experienced by Elizabeth and the following discussion focuses on domestic violence which is revealed through the conflicts. In the discussion the writer uses the theory of conflicts and theory of domestic violence which have been written in the previous chapter, and then the writer elaborates the theories with the evidence found in the novel in order to reach a clear and systematic answer to the two problem formulations.

A. The Conflicts of Elizabeth

In this first discussion the writer is going to discuss the conflicts that were experienced by Elizabeth, the discussion is on identifying the conflicts and put the conflicts into specific category of conflict. The writer uses the theories on conflict by Wehmeier, Roberts and Jacobs, Holman and Harmon, and Koesnosoebroto, which have been cited in the previous chapter. For deeper discussion about conflict the writer uses the theory on conflict by Koesnosoebroto. According to the theory, conflict is clash of actions, ideas, or wills. Conflict is divided into two main types: external conflict which happens between a person and an external forces such as another person, society, or environment, and internal conflict which

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happens between the person and the aspect of the personality inside the person. External conflict is divided into three sub-types of conflict: man-against-environment, man-against-man, and man-against-nature, while internal conflict is obviously about the conflict of man-against-himself (Koesnosoebroto, 1988:43). 1. Man against Man

In man-against-man, the main character has a clash with an external force and mostly the force itself is another character, but in some cases the external force can be more than one characters (Koesnosoebroto, 1988:43). The conflict of man-against-man in this analysis is the conflict that happens between Elizabeth and the other characters around her. Each of the conflicts happens because there is an oppossing idea and wills that occurs between Elizabeth and the other character. The conflicts of man against man found in Elizabeth are stated as follows.

The quotation below is the situation of their relationship, where two of them are often involved into a fight, not only because of their son but also it is because of their oppossing personality.

She and her ex didn’t battle just about Ben, they were fire and ice as well. As in, he was fire and she was ice. He was still attracted to her, which irritated her to no end (Sparks, 2008:49).

As it is explained before that they have opposing personality to one another which made them often involve into a fight, Elizabeth also hates the fact that Keith is still attracted to her although they have been divorced since Ben was still several months old.

Next is the conversation between Elizabeth and Keith. From the conversation below the conflict is about Elizabeth who is angry with Keith because of the

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bruise on Ben’s eye after he throw a ball too hard on Ben while they are playing catch. On the other side, Keith kept on arguing that it is not his fault.

“How hard did you throw it?” she demanded, her expression horrified.

“Not too hard. And it’s just a bruise. His eye is fine, and we managed to tape his glasses back together.”

“It is more than a bruise!” Elizabeth’s voice rose, barely controlled. “Stop acting like this is my fault!” Clayton barked.

“It is your fault!” (Sparks, 2008:191).

Elizabeth gets angry when she found out that her son was hit with a base ball in his eye. The anger is not only because of the bruise but on how Keith treats their son so hard on playing catch. On the other hand, She already knows that Keith is the father who would press his son to get hard attempt in order to make his son tough, and this fact which actually grows her anger to Keith.

The fight continues to the situation where Keith tries to stop Elizabeth on her way to go inside her house. The quotation is stated as follows.

Logan simply stared at him without moving. Zeus’s growls grew more ominous.

“What’s he doing here, Beth?”

“Just go, Keith. We’ll talk about this tomorrow.” She turned away.

“Don’t walk away from me,” he spat, reaching for her arm. “I’m just

asking you a question” (Sparks, 2008:192).

He uses a harsh way on asking Elizabeth, he rose his tone and grabbed her arm in order to get an answer from her. The conflict happens because Elizabeth is exhausted after fighting with him about Ben. At that time, she is leaving Keith by heading into her house and she was unwilling to talk further with him and the fight is about came into an end. But, because of Keith’s couriosity about Logan in her house so he blocks her way to go inside.

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Below is a chunk from the conversation between Elizabeth and Logan, they talked about their own personal life experience. In the conversation she tells Logan about her love experience after the divorce. After the divorce she tries to have a new relationship with another man but all of the attempts have the same ending. In a particular time of her relationship, Elizabeth never heard about the guy who has asked her out before. The man she has dated is like dissapeared and the man tries to stay away from her, when she tries to talk with him.

“Like I said, crazy stuff. Because every now and then, I’d meet a guy and think that we were getting along great, and suddenly I’d stop hearing from

him. Not only did he stop calling, but if I happened to bump into him sometimes later, he always acted like I had plague” (Sparks, 2008:230). Elizabeth has tried to start a new life by having a relationships, at first the relationship is going well but in the middle the relationship just ended with no fight, just ended. The guy is not calling her again and when they meet each other the guy acts weird on avoiding her. Elizabeth cannot believe on how it happens.

The other conflict of Elizabeth on having a relationship is seen through the quotation below. The conflict is not between Elizabeth and the man whom she has dated with, the conflict is related to her ex-husband who always tries to fail her relationship by intimidating the man she has a relationship with. The intervention of Keith becomes a conflict because Elizabeth would like to have a new start in her love story but on the other hand Keith keeps her attempt failed to have a relationship. The following quotation is the narration of the situation where Keith was actually connected to her relationships.

Clayton didn’t want Elizabeth to see other men. Elizabeth hadn’t has any

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but hadn’t even considered the possible connection between her ex -husband and failed relationships (Sparks 2008: 255).

Elizabeth’s unsuccessful relationships are actually have to do with her ex-husband, he does not like other men to have a relationships with her, but Elizabeth does not realize the intervention of Keith on her failed relationships.

Furthermore, the quotation below is the fact of Keith’s intervention on the failing relationship is strengthen. It becomes a conflict between Elizabeth and him because of Elizabeth wants to be free from the past but Keith still wants her like the old time he was with her.

The issue was that Keith had been working behind the scenes to keep things exactly the way he wanted. As if he owned her (Sparks, 2008:269). The quotation below is the situation of the conflict where Keith is so angry with Elizabeth after knowing that his attempt to fail Elizabeth’s relationship with Logan is unsuccessful. Elizabeth and Logan even become closer after they are

drawn into a fight which had been Keith’s scenario to separate them. The conflict is Keith came to Elizabeth’s house and acts like he owned the place, and in addition he threatens Elizabeth by he appears in a furious gesture as if he would harm her.

As fate would have it, Nana was in the kennel office when Keith stormed into the house and closed the door behind him, acting as if he owned the place. Even from the kitchen, Beth could see the veins on his neck protruding. His hands balled into fists when his eyes locked on hers (Sparks, 2008:363).

Unsuccessful to ruin the relationships by telling Elizabeth that Logan has stalked her, Keith is furious after he sees Elizabeth comes to Logan’s house in order to clear the situation which then the relationship between Elizabeth and

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Logan is saved. He storms into Beth’s house and begins to throw his anger to her in a intimidating gesture by balling his hands and staring at her.

The following quotation is the continuing sequence of Keith storms into the house with anger. In this conversation, it is obviously stated a conflict where Keith is trying to abuse Elizabeth. He does not notice Elizabeth’s words which asked him to leave the house and leave her alone, and the worse he becomes uncontrolled and keeps on giving threat to abuse Elizabeth.

By then, she’d reached the corner, with noplace left to go. “Just leave, okay? Ben’s upstairs and Nana will be back in a minute-”

All I want is a kiss. Is that such a big deal?”

She wasn’t sure she’d heard him right. “A kiss?” she parroted.

“For now,” he said. “That’s all. Just for old times’ sake. Then I’ll go. I’ll

walk right out of here. I promise” (Sparks, 2008:366).

Keith forces Elizabeth to have a kiss after storming to the house and puts his anger to Elizabeth because she still be with Logan. In this quotation it is obvious that Keith still has the desire on Elizabeth, he wants the time they are still husband and wife where he could sleep with her. At that time, Elizabeth tries to move her lips away from him and then she shouts at him to leave her.

Keith threatens Elizabeth to use his power as a Deputy to make a report about Logan as a psycho who has been looking for her because of Elizabeth’s photograph that was found in Iraq during the duty tour. His threat is aiming on separating Elizabeth and Logan and also separating Elizabeth from Ben, her son. It is a conflict because Keith threatened Elizabeth using his power. At that time she is paralyzed with the threat and all she can do is only wishpers to Keith that he cannot do it.

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“After all, I warned you about Thigh-bolt,” he added, “but where were you

today?” At his place.” He shook his head. “That was a big mistake. You see, it’s pretty easy for me to make a case that he stalked you and that he’s obsessive. Both of those things make him dangerous, but you’re obviously ignoring it. And that makes it dangerousd for Ben to be forced to live with you” (Sparks, 2008: 367).

2. Man against Himself

In man-against-himself, there is a clash between character’s wills or idea and

the character’s own nature, such as the bad habits or the emotions. This kind of conflict occurs on the character himself/herself, and in this conflict the character struggles to change his/her own nature (Koesnosoebroto, 1988:43). The conflict of man-against-himself happens between Elizabeth and herself, which means that there are two oppossing forces that have the same power and Elizabeth must choose one of the forces. Besides, she also has to fight her own desire on deciding which forces she would better take. The conflict man-against-himself are stated as follows.

“I thought he was taking you to your grandfather’s house for brunch after church.”

“I still don’t want to go.”

I don’t want you to go, either, she thought. But what could she do? (Sparks, 2008:44).

The quotation above is the conversation between Elizabeth and her son, Ben. The quotation is about Elizabeth told Ben to go to his father’s house, and this has

been a routine for Ben to spend the weekend in his father’s house since Elizabeth and Keith have divorced. The quotation shows that Elizabeth has an internal conflict where in her own desire she does not want her son to go to his father’s house, but she does not have any choice other than asking her son to go.

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The quotation below is the conversation between Elizabeth and Logan about

Ben’s routine for staying in his father’s house in the weekend. The conversation reveals the conflict of Elizabeth herself, that she actually wants to set Ben free from the routine that he never wanted to do, but she cannot do anything on it just because Keith has the law parental responsibility on having time with Ben in the weekend.

“Why do you let Ben go, then?” His gaze focused on her with suprising

intensity.

“Because I don’t have a choice.” “There’s always a choice.”

“Not in this case there isn’t.” She leaned off to the side, plucking a marigold from beside the stairs. “The dad has just joint custody, and if I tried to fight him on it, let’s just say the courts would probably rule in his favor. If anything, Ben would probably have to got even more than he does now” (Sparks, 2008: 146).

The reality of Keith’s legal statement on having time with Ben makes Elizabeth has no power although she knew that Ben did not want to spend the time with his father on every weekend, she can do nothing other than tries her best to lift up his mood because she does not want to loose Ben if she tried to let Ben

not going to his fahter’s house.

Another internal conflict of Elizabeth happened which is also related to Ben. Elizabeth was once thinking of taking Ben to move away from the town and start a new life, but she realizes that her attempt would be useless because the Claytons would use their power to find them and made the situation becomes worse. The conflict is Elizabeth wants to have a new life by getting away from the town but on the other hand she can do nothing because she realizes that when she do the plan of getting away their life would be hard. So, in the other words Elizabeth is

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in a dilemma on taking a decision whether to move away with a risk or stay in the town but not so happy.

Part of her wanted to take Ben and simply move away. Relocate to another part of the country and start over.

She had the guts, it was everything else that made the scenario impossible. Even if Nana was healthy enough to handle things on her own-and she

wasn’t-Keith would find her no matter where she went. Gramps would insist on it, and the courts, including Judge Clayton, would intervene (Sparks, 2008:202).

B. Domestic Violence Revealed through the Conflicts

In this second discussion the writer is going to relate the conflicts experienced by Elizabeth, which have been discussed previously, with the issue of domestic violence. In this discussion the writer uses two theories from two different sources in order to get clear perspective on the issue of domestic violence. The theories from different source have their own function, the first theory focuses on the definition of domestic violence and the second theory focuses on the types of domestic violence.

The issue of domestic violence is a pattern of coercive behavior used by the

person’s spouse, former spouse, partner, former partner with the aim to control

and subordinate another in an intimate relationship, while the behaviors include physical, sexual, emotional, and economic abuse. The violence itself is used to create fear in the victim so that the victim obeys the perpetrator (McCue, 2008).

The conflicts experienced by Elizabeth show domestic violence that happens between partner who are divorced which means that the conflicts mostly happen between Elizabeth and her ex-husband, Keith. The conflicts experienced by Elizabeth are categorized in domestic violence of physical abuse, sexual abuse,

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emotional abuse, and psychological abuse. The following discussion is about the kinds of domestic violence that revealed through the conflicts.

1. Physical Violence

The abuse that categorized to this category is the abuse that aims to destruct

the victim’s body, or make an uncomfortable interaction to the victim’s body with

a purpose to make the victim obeys the abuser (Hanson, 2013). The conflict experienced by Elizabeth that show the physical violence is after Elizabeth and Keith have arguments to each other about their son’s bruise on the eye, Elizabeth is leaving Keith and just wants to get into her house because she does not want to talk further with him, at that time Keith blocks her way into her house by holding her arm and spats at her (Sparks, 2008:192).

Keith’s act on holding her arm is categorized into physical abuse because in that situation Elizabeth iss exhausted after arguing about Ben’s eye and then she is leaving Keith because she does not want to have the quarrel got further. Furthermore, Keith spats at Elizabeth not to leave and he grabs her arm, the action of grabbing her arm shows the physical violence because Keith unintentionally has hurt her and he also has blocked her way to go.

Another conflict experienced by Elizabeth that shows physical abuse is when Keith storms into her house acts that it was his own place and then he forces Elizabeth to have a kiss with him. In the sequence Keith corners her or in the other words he blocked her way to be free (Sparks, 2008:366). Elizabeth is cornered while Keith keeps on forcing her to give a kiss to him and a way that situation become a physical abuse is based on Keith’s way of forcing Elizabeth to

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kiss him that by cornering her so that she cannot help to run away from him or at least to keep a distance.

The two situations above are categorized into physical abuse, although the situations do not show Keith hit Elizabeth or he harmed her physically. The situations are categorized into physical abuse based on how Keith treats Elizabeth physically, the situations show how Keith has treated her physically such as grabbing her arm and cornering her. Both of the situations are done within a force that makes Elizabeth as the victim is abused physically and she cannot have her own freedom to move or to do any defense.

Moreover, the understanding of the definition of physical abuse is not merely

the act that harms the victim. The act of blocking victim’s way to move and cornering the victim are also categorized as physical abuse because the victim was put in the situation where the victim can not do anything to defense herself.

2. Sexual Abuse

(Hanson, 2013). The conflict of Elizabeth related to sexual abuse is not literally about having sex. In the conflict Elizabeth is forced to kiss Keith when he storms into her house. In that situation Elizabeth is cornered in the kitchen, she tries to warn Keith to leave her house but he does not notice it and furthermore he asks to kiss her using a force that he only would go if she would kiss him (Sparks, 2008:366).

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The conflict stated above is put into the category of sexual abuse because in the situation Elizabeth as the victim is forced to do a sexual activity, although it is just a force to kiss Keith and not a real sex but from the perspective of the manner the victim is forced to do what the perpetrator or the one who does the abuse wished and in the other side Elizabeth is not willing to kiss Keith just because she has no feeling with him. In another words, the conflict is categorized as sexual abuse because the victim is forced to do some sexual activity which she does not want to do.

3. Emotional Abuse

The behaviors that discourage the partner to do certain activity, not respecting the partner by mocking the name, and giving a sharp comment are categorized as emotional abuse because when the victim is discourage or mocked the victim will feel dishonored (Hanson, 2013). The conflicts related to emotional abuse are stated as follows. Elizabeth is so angry with Keith when she sees a bruise on

Ben’s eyes, she is surprised with what Keith has done to their son. On the contrary, Keith argues that the bruise is not because of his fault and furthermore he also blames Elizabeth for putting Ben on danger when she allows Ben to play in the old tree house (Sparks, 2008:191). The situation of Keith blaming Elizabeth as the one who often put Ben on danger is categorized as emotional abuse because Keith uses the blame as the weapon to discourage Elizabeth on looking after Ben as her child.

The situation of Keith blaming Elizabeth on allowing Ben to play in the tree house is categorized into emotional abuse based on the aim of the blame which go

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straight to Elizabeth’s emotion. In the situation the blame is used to make the victim feeling worthless on what she has done to the child. On the other side the abuser becomes a bit superior than the victim because the victim is feeling guilty with the blame. The aim of emotional abuse that is to make the victim feels discourage for the role, in this case is the role of Elizabeth as a mother whose duty to look after her son. Another aim from the abuser is to take control over the

victim’s emotion so that whatever the abuser does will have no complain from the victim because the victim’s self worth and self esteem have been undermined and whenever the victim tries to criticize the abuser, the abuser will use the blame to silence the victim.

4. Psychological Abuse

The words that fit in this category is “intimidation” because it is the best way

for the abuser to take control over the victim’s psychology. The abuser will use anything to damage the victim’s psychology. When the victim feels powerless

then the victim will be driven to a fear over the abuser. This will cause deep damage than emotional abuse because of the long repeated occurence (Hanson, 2013).

Elizabeth is trying to have her new romance by looking for another single man and starts a relationship, the attempt on having a relationship is ended in a short time and the man that she meets before seems to avoid her. The unsuccessful relationship is connected with her ex-husband. Keith does not want Elizabeth to see other men also means that he does not want Elizabeth has a new relationship (Sparks, 2008: 255). This kind of action is categorized as psychological abuse

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because Keith as the divorced partner is interrupting Elizabeth on looking for other men, he disallows Elizabeth to see other men by intimidating each man whom she has relationship with so that the man will go away. The act of Keith

blocking her attempt to have a relationship has changed Elizabeth’s mind or psyche that she cannot have a new life by having a relationship.

The conflict is categorized into psychological abuse based on the effect of the

interruption on Elizabeth’s attempt on looking for a new partner by Keith has happened for a long time and that makes her mind cannot move from the past. The victim is blocked from other single men which makes the victim cannot have a new relationship with the man and always puts into the past as a divorced young mother while Elizabeth as a woman needs to have a new man as her lover and starts her new life.

The point of this psychological abuse is that Elizabeth wants to have a new partner which has been the nature of each person to have a partner to share the life but the desire is then forced to be unfulfilled within the block done by Keith as the abuser or perpetrator. The isolation makes the victim feels lonely and in sorrow psychologically.

Another psychological abuse shown in the conflicts is when Keith storms into

Elizabeth’s house and acts like it is his own house. At that time Keith is furious, when he gets into her house he balls his hands into fists and his eyes stares at her (Sparks, 2008:363). The situation shows psychological abuse because Keith in his

manner of storming Elizabeth’s house and his gesture of anger has intimidated her that Keith will harm Elizabeth by balling his hands into fists and stares at her. The

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43 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION

The issue of domestic violence which is revealed through the conflicts which were experienced by Elizabeth – as the theory of conflicts was applied in order to find out the conflicts experienced by her and also the theory of domestic violence that determine which conflicts suit into the category of domestic violence – has been analysed precisely as the answer to how domestic violence happened to Elizabeth. Mentioned in the previous statement, the topic in this thesis is divided into two specific problems as stated in the first chapter. The first problem is about the conflict experienced by Elizabeth and the second problem is the issue of domestic violence revealed through the conflict.

In order to get the precise answers to the problems formulated, there are several theories of conflict and domestic violence collected in the second chapter, from those collected theories only few were used in the analysis considering the preciseness and the accuracy of the theories that would make the analysis strong.

The collected theories based on the accuracy were then elaborated with the evidence from the novel, the evidence were the conflicts experienced by Elizabeth. There were many conflicts occured in Elizabeth that had been brainstormed but only few of the conflicts were written in to the analysis due to the relevance of the conflicts to the issue of domestic violence.

The theory of conflict by Koesnosoebroto and the theory of domestic violence by Hanson and McCue were used in the analysis. Furthermore, theory of

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conflict by Koesnosoebroto was used to determine the type of conflicts experienced by Elizabeth and also in the analysis each of the conflicts was explained into clearer perspective to show how the conflict had happened, the conflict was between who and whom. Moreover, after the conflicts were brainstormed and analyzed, the next step of the analysis part was determining the conflicts into the issue of domestic violence using the theory of domestic violence by Hanson. There were the categories of conflict categorized into domestic violence: physical violence, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and psychological abuse. The conflicts analyzed were put into each category according to each of the characteristics, and then each of the conflicts put into categories was explained again on how the conflict suited to the category in order to get clear point of view. Those were the problem formulation answered as the aim to the main issue in this thesis by relating two main sources: the theories and the novel The Lucky One itself. With the two analysis the writer revealed the issue of domestic violence in Elizabeth as the connection with the conflicts that she experienced. The issue of domestic violence is revealed through the conflicts between Elizabeth and her ex-husband, Keith Clayton, which in the conflicts Elizabeth became the victim of Keith who had behaved that he owned her although they had been divorced and the behavior had violated the relationship and it showed the domestic violence because the violence happened in the partner that had been divorced as mentioned in the definition of domestic violence.

In the discussion from the analysis part it is concluded that the conflicts between Elizabeth and her ex-husband Keith Clayton reveal the violence that

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happens between a woman and the former spouse. In the conflicts experienced by Elizabeth were the conflicts of against-man and the the conflicts of man-against-himself. The conflicts of man-against-man happened between Elizabeth and her ex-husband, the conflicts happened due to Keith’s manner on treating their son and also Keith who always intervention to Elizabeth’s life. Keith often intervened Elizabeth’s life, the intervention not just happens about their son but also to the realm of Elizabeth’s personal life such as the Elizabeth’s choice to have a new life by getting into a relationship with other man. Meanwhile, Keith always intervened by intimidating the men whom Elizabeth had dated with to leave her alone.

The issue of domestic violence portrayed in the conflicts was Keith’s abusive behavior done to Elizabeth. The abusive behavior was divided into categories, such as: physical violence, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and psychological abuse. From the conflicts Keith had abused Elizabeth physically by grabbing her arm, sexually by forcing Elizabeth to kiss him, emotionally by discouraging Elizabeth on her role as the mother who looked after the child, and psychologically by intimidating Elizabeth on taking Ben away from her.

In the relation to de Beavoir’s theory, Elizabeth’s position as a woman is under the domination of the men, Keith and Thibault. The violence Keith do to her have controlled her life and she become helpless because of the custody on Ben that Keith uses to threaten her not to fight against him. In addition, Logan as the man who helps her to get through her life implies the dependant role of a woman to a man which strengthened the male domination over female.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Arini, Puput Trisanti. “The Influence of Jamie Sullivan on Landon Carter‟s Personality Development Seen in Nicholas Spark‟s A Walk to Remember.” Undergraduate Thesis. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University, 2011.

Barry, Peter. Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995.

Bressler, Charles E. Literary Criticism: An Introduction to Theory and Practice, Second Edition. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 1999.

Hanson, Beatrice. Domestic Violence. Washington, D.C: Office on Violence Against Women. <http://www.ovw.usdoj.gov/domviolence.htm> (8 May 2013).

Hastanti, Ika Tri. “A Study of The Influence of Taylor McAden‟s Guilty Feeling upon His Relation with Others as Seen in Nicholas Spark‟s The Rescue.” Undergraduate Thesis. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University, 2005. Holman, C. Hugh and William Harmon. A Handbook to Literature, Fifth Edition.

New York: Macmillan, Inc., 1986.

Hornby, A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, Seventh Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Humm, Maggie. The Dictionary of Feminist Theory, Second Edition. Ohio: Ohio State University Press, 1989.

Koesnosoebroto, M.A., Drs. Sunaryono Basuki. The Anatomy of Prose Fiction. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 1988.

Lopez, Keyla. „The Lucky One‟ Paints Picture for Romantic Viewers. Los Angeles: East Lost Angeles College Campus News, 2012. <http://elaccampusnews.com/2012/04/25/the-lucky-one-paints-picture-for-romantic-viewers/> (10 March 2013).

McCue, Margi Laird. Domestic Violence: A Reference Handbook, Second Edition. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 2008.

Roberts, Edgar and Henry E. Jacobs. Fiction: An Introduction to Reading and Writing, Second Edition. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1987.

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47 APPENDIX

Summary of Nicholas Sparks’ The Lucky One

The story begins with the the life of Logan Thibault who experiences luck after he found a photograph of a smiling young divorced woman during his duty tour in Iraq. After back from his duty tour he looks for the woman in the picture, and his trip ends when he finally has found the woman.

The woman in the picture is Elizabeth, she is a young divorced mother who live with her grandmother and her son. She works as a teacher and she also helps her grandmother at the kennel. Although she has divorced with Keith, she still has contact with her ex-husband especially about their son.

Keith have the custody on Ben, their son, which allows him to spend the weekend with Ben. Actually Ben does not like to spend the weekend with his father because of his father treats him so bad.

Elizabeth realizes that her son does not like to spend the weekend with his father and she also wants her son to stay with her on the weekend, but she cannot do what she wants to do because Keith will force the court to give him the full custody of Ben.

Elizabeth and Keith always fight to each other about the custody and the bad treatment of Keith to their son. The conflict becomes more serious when Keith interrupts Elizabeth‟s romance with other man. He does not like her to have a new man so that keeps intimidating every man whom Elizabeth dated with, including Logan Thibault.

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In the end, Elizabeth knows what her ex has done to her life and because of Keith cannot break Elizbeth‟s romance with Thibault he uses the abusive behaviors in threatening Elizabeth.

Domestic violence revealed through Elizabeth's Conflicts in Nicholas Sparks' "The Lucky One".

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE REVEALED THROUGH

ELIZABETH’S CONFLICTS IN NICHOLAS SPARKS’

THE

LUCKY ONE

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE REVEALED THROUGH

ELIZABETH’S CONFLICTS IN NICHOLAS SPARKS’

THE

LUCKY ONE

“The fear of the Lord is the beginning

of wisdom; and the knowledge of the

Holy is understanding.”

Proverb 9:10

The greatest accomplishment

is not in never failing, but in

rising again after you fall.

Dedicated

To

The Almighty God, Jesus Christ

The Name above all names,

To

My Beloved Parents

Who Never Quit Couraging,

And

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Domestic violence revealed through Elizabeth's Conflicts in Nicholas Sparks' "The Lucky One".

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ELIZABETH’S CONFLICTS IN NICHOLAS SPARKS’

THE

LUCKY ONE

“The fear of the Lord is the beginning

of wisdom; and the knowledge of the

Holy is understanding.”

Proverb 9:10

The greatest accomplishment

is not in never failing, but in

rising again after you fall.

Dedicated

To

The Almighty God, Jesus Christ

The Name above all names,

To

My Beloved Parents

Who Never Quit Couraging,

And

Parts

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EGO DEFENSE MECHANISM REFLECTED IN NICHOLAS SPARKS’ Ego defense mechanism reflected in nicholas sparks' the last song (2009) : a psychoanalytic perspective.

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Domestic violence revealed through Elizabeth's Conflicts in Nicholas Sparks The Lucky One

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