6 will consider more carefully in taking textbook as the source of teaching in
school. This research will give the information how the indicators in Look Ahead are formulated and hopefully this information makes the teacher use the textbook
wiser.
F. Definition of Terms
Some terms below need to be defined in order to avoid misunderstanding. These definitions are:
1. Learning Indicator
Indicator is formulated based on competence standard and basic competence stated in the curriculum. This research considers that objective is the
same as indicator. Kemp 1977 defines indicator as outcome of the instruction p. 23. Thus, indicators are the educational behaviours that are expected to be
achieved and these indicators are derived from the basic competence stated in the curriculum. The basic competence should be derived in the form of indicators to
measure the students achievement after doing educational process. Moreover, Kemp 1977 explains that indicator should be stated by using action verb to
promote learning p. 23. In this research, the indicators are taken from the Look Ahead Second Grade English textbook. The example of the part of the
formulated indicators stated in Look Ahead which is regarded as the learning
indicator is express feelings, warning, advising, and permission. 2. Blooms Taxonomy
Bloom 1987 explains that Blooms Taxonomy is developed as the major
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
7 distinctions among students behaviour p. 13. Anderson et al. 2001 explain that
Blooms Taxonomy is a kind of framework to classify the educational indicators p. 4. Blooms Taxonomy explains that there is an improvement in the students
achievement after attending certain educational processes. Based on Anderson et al. 2001 explanation, the revised version of
Blooms Taxonomy sees the intended cognitive process and the knowledge to be acquired by the students. The new version of this taxonomy classifies the
cognitive process dimension into six stages namely Remembering, Understanding, Applying, Analyzing, Evaluating, and Creating p. 5.
The revised version of Blooms Taxonomy also distinguishes the knowledge dimension into four level. The major types of knowledge dimension
stated by Anderson et al. 2001 are factual knowledge, conceptual knowledge, procedural knowledge, and metacognitive knowledge p. 46. The researcher uses
the revised version of Blooms Taxonomy. This revised version is used as the basic in classifying the indicators in Look Ahead.
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8
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
