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researcher selected each DCT on 9 different situational contexts and classified them based on the group they went to. The sample of data selection stage is illustrated in
table 8.
Table 8. Data Selection Based on Situational Contexts of Group 1 and Group 2 Situation 1:
Imagine that: You have something urgent to do when you have a morning shift. You want to ask your colleague to substitute his shift with you. How do you ask for his help?
Respondent Responses
Group 1 Group 2
1 F Hello bro, can you help me? I
have something urgent tomorrow morning. Please, would you like to
change your shift once with me? F Sorry, may I substitute my shift
with you? In the morning I have something urgent to do.
2 F Hey, dude. Can you just change
the schedule with me? M May you replace me tomorrow
morning? It seems that tomorrow I’ll be busy.
3 F Hey, bro. I have something to do
this afternoon. Can I change my shift with yours?
M Bro, can you help me? I have something urgent right now. Can you
substitute my shift?
C. DATA ANALYSIS
The following stage after the data selection is the data analysis. Wei and Moyer 2008:150 point that “once a task is design and data are collected, analysis
of those data is composed of two important substages: preprocessing of raw data and statistical analysis of the resulting initiations”. As to follow Wei and Moyer, in
this methodology step, the researcher grouped the data based on the Medicine and Law students which had been labelled by Group 1 and Group 2. This grouping
aimed to divide the data into two groups in order to ease the statistical procedure of t-test for the following step of the analysis process. To make it more plausible and
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organizational, the details of the data analysis of this research were divided into four steps, namely:
1. First step
This first step was preparing the data for the coding. Mackey and Gass 2005:221 explain that “coding represents an attempt to reduce a complex, messy,
content- laden and quantification resistant realty to a matrix of numbers”. In this
step, the researcher identified length of all utterances, at the same time, classified each of the utterances into possible modifications of the linguistic units included in
the four strategies of the openers, head acts, internal and external modifications of requests acts. Further, each of these four strategies were broken down into its
smallest unit of analysis which covered:
a. Openers
Openers functioned to alert the hearer’s attention to ensure a speech act
which realized as terms of addressee. Openers were divided into three subcategories. Each of the openers are seen in table 9 below.
Table 9. Coding of Openers in Requests
Openers OP
Strategies Description and example
Upgrading function Upgr
‘General Manager, surname + title’ Downgrading
function Dwngr
‘Hey, son’ Neutrals
Neutr
‘Hey’
b. Head acts
Head acts were classified into three main levels in relation to the degree of directness, such as direct head acts mood derivable, performatives, obligation
