supportive aspect of a national identity Wodak, de Cillia, Reisigl, Liebhart, 1999: 24.
Hall, Held, Hubert, and Thompson argue that the national identities which are constructed by the national cultures
are placed “ambiguously” between its “past” and “future” Hall et al, 1996: 615. The national cultures here sometimes
want to go back to the histor ical past when the nation “was great” to “restore” it.
This is “the regressive, anachronistic element” the national cultural story has which wants to put the people within two places at once Hall et al, 1996: 615.
However, behind that returning to the past, there is a concealed desire to endure the people to get rid of the “others” who “threaten” their identity Hall et al, 1996:
615. For Hall, globalization can give impacts to national identity. He mentions
three consequences of globalization on cultural identities. The first one is that national identities are being
“eroded”. The mix of culture or cultural homogenization and the
“global post-modern” is the cause of this problem. The second one is that the resistance to globalization strengthens the national and
particularistic identities. And the last one is that national identities are declining. On the other hand, new identities of hybridity are rising Hall et al, 1996: 619.
3.3. Theory of Hybridity
Robert C.J. Young, in his book Colonial Desire Hybridity in theory, culture and race argues that hybridity is the way
“of making one or two distinct things, so it becomes impossible for an eye to detect the hybridity of a Geranium
rose.” Young, 2005: 24. Young uses Geranium rose as an example to explain that hybridity mixes two things that vanish the clear cross-cut of them. Bhabha
himself in his book, The Location of Culture said that the third space is the precondition of cultural difference; the social contradiction and antagonism
Bhabha 1994: 34. This idea of the third space was then explained as the “in
between ” of a culture. Here is the space where the cultural meaning can be found.
This shows that there is no original meaning or cultural “purity” here Bhabha,
1994: 38. Elleke Boehmer in his book, Colonial and Postcolonial Literature 2
nd
Edition also said that to get to the process of hybridity needs the process of mimicry to be the same as the new identity they live by Boehmer, 2005: 16.
C. Review of Related Backgrounds
Review on the History of Jewish Society
In order to easily understand the problems in this research, the writer provides it with some related background. This part contains history of the Jewish
people living under the imperial rule. After being free from the conquest of Egypt, in 13
th
until 12
th
centuries BCE, the Jews then went to Canaan. They settled a place which is now called as Palestine. In 1020 they established the Jewish
monarchy with Saul as their first king. This period is also called the “First
Temple ” period as this is the first time they can afford building the temple that
they really want as the centre of their nation and religion. However, this empire and its temple then ended in 587 when the time they got conquered by Babylonian
Empire.
