seen through repetition, emphasis, or position. Without those consistencies, the reader cannot interpret the meaning symbolically Perrine, 1974: 214.
Second, the meaning of a symbol must be contextually supported by the story. If a symbol has its significant meaning outside of the story, then it may not
work in the story Perrine, 1974: 214. Third, a symbol must represent a different meaning from its literal meaning. Therefore, a symbol is more than just a
representative form of its word class Perrine, 1974:215. Fourth, the variation of meanings may occur in symbol. It means a variation of meanings based on the
context of the story Perrine, 1974: 215. From the elaboration above, in general, Perrine 1974 suggests that to be
called symbol, series of evidence must be provided by the story and those series of evidence must be contextually supported by the story. Having series of
different meanings or interpretations are also important for an object to be called a symbol.
7. Id, Ego, and Super Ego
According to Freud’s Neurosis and Psychosis 1975, id is the primary instinct of survival. It gives energy of personal psychological function from the
awareness of life and death, and the sex drive. Id seeks excitement and tension release. Therefore, id is in synergy with the pleasure principle; tends to seeks
happiness and rejects suffering. The id, according to Freud 1975, “… is
excessive, impulsive, blind, irrational, non-social, selfish, and is to indulge in
pleasure. ” Freud.1975:147-154. The same subject also can be seen in Jess Feist
and Gregory J. Feist’s Theories of Personality, the human mind consists of three parts: the id, the super-ego, and the ego. The id is the center of instinctual
desires and does not have any direct contact with the reality. However, the id controls the tension with the instinctive pleasure. The state of a newborn baby is
one simple way to explain the id. A newborn baby is the representation of the id that has not been spoiled with the limitations from Ego or Superego. A newborn
baby does not care whether or not the mother produces breast milk or not. The baby will clench on the mother breast. The baby cannot cope with the fact that
the mother cannot produce milk. It is an example that the id never compensate with the reality. At last, it can be concluded that the id is a primitive,
unorganized, immoral, and chaotic part of the mind. Feist and Feist. 2006: 26- 27
Ego according to Freud 1975 is the urge of reasons and good will. While id works in the happiness principle, and superego
’s tendencies to perfection, Ego undergoes the reality principle. Therefore, Ego offers satisfaction
of the Id and complements the needs of super-ego based on the reality principle. Ego is able to differentiate between the reality and the fantasy by tolerates stress
and compromises. Freud.1975:147-154 Therefore, Ego has a direct contact with the reality and it becomes the decision making of the human personality.
Ego substitutes the primitive definition of pleasure which often governed by the
reality principle because ego can be half-conscious and half-unconscious, and half-preconscious. Therefore it is able to make decision for each of these three
levels. Feist and Feist. 2006: 27-28 According to Freud 1975, Superego is the opposite of id, and the moral
side of the Ego which tends to seeks perfection through the conscious. Superego becomes the moral function and retaliates against immorality through guilt.
However, since Superego works primitively, it cannot sustain the truth of the reality. Freud.1975:147-154 The explanation of id, ego, and superego above
helps to elabora te the character’s psychological tendencies by using character’s
dialogues as the objects. The id, ego, and superego in unconscious are observable. Freudian
analyst suggests that id, ego and superego are considered as aspects of unconscious mind which what this study focus on. These aspects functions
perfectly in the unconscious mind. Therefore, the use of id, ego, and superego theory is crucial in the analysis of this study.
8. Death anxiety
“Death anxiety” is a term used to conceptualize the apprehension generated by death awareness. Lehto and Stein, 2009: 23. According to
Rebecca Helen Lehto and Karen Farchaus Stein 2009, there are six attributes of death anxiety; emotion, cognitive, experiential, developmental, socio-cultural
shaping, and source of motivation. In sake of emotion, a person shall turn
