reality principle because ego can be half-conscious and half-unconscious, and half-preconscious. Therefore it is able to make decision for each of these three
levels. Feist and Feist. 2006: 27-28 According to Freud 1975, Superego is the opposite of id, and the moral
side of the Ego which tends to seeks perfection through the conscious. Superego becomes the moral function and retaliates against immorality through guilt.
However, since Superego works primitively, it cannot sustain the truth of the reality. Freud.1975:147-154 The explanation of id, ego, and superego above
helps to elabora te the character’s psychological tendencies by using character’s
dialogues as the objects. The id, ego, and superego in unconscious are observable. Freudian
analyst suggests that id, ego and superego are considered as aspects of unconscious mind which what this study focus on. These aspects functions
perfectly in the unconscious mind. Therefore, the use of id, ego, and superego theory is crucial in the analysis of this study.
8. Death anxiety
“Death anxiety” is a term used to conceptualize the apprehension generated by death awareness. Lehto and Stein, 2009: 23. According to
Rebecca Helen Lehto and Karen Farchaus Stein 2009, there are six attributes of death anxiety; emotion, cognitive, experiential, developmental, socio-cultural
shaping, and source of motivation. In sake of emotion, a person shall turn
himherself into adaptive mode and in this mode their emotion urged them to survive. This survival mode occurs because this particular person detects a
considerable threat which then leads into anxiety. Cognitive urged a person to predict and anticipate hisher future
condition. In this attribute, recognition, and imagination of dying process shall overwhelmed a person then there will be death salience or a reminder of
mortality. In experiential attribute, a person will deny hisher death and associate less threatening material as hisher distraction. Throughout the time, this
behavior urged a person to avoid emotional bonds to others and may turn into cynical being towards life and adulthood. This behavior usually started with
identity crisis. Socio-cultural shaping is a dimension of death anxiety which shaped up a person based on hisher cultural background. It means that this
person will accept death according to what society or culture does himshe lives in.
According to Robert Langs 2004, moreover, there are three types of death anxiety. First type of death anxiety is Predatory death anxiety. Predatory
death anxiety is a condition arises from the fear of being hurt. It is considered as the first basic form of death anxiety. A recipient who considered himherself in
danger may reveal hisher survival mode to overcome this condition. The survival mode, however, may force the recipients to fight or escape hisher
danger situation.
Second type of death anxiety is Predation death anxiety. Langs 2004 suggests that predation death anxiety may lead to dangerous actions such as
violence to others. This condition also accompanied by unconscious guilt. The final type of death anxiety is Existential death anxiety. According to
Langs 2004, existential death anxiety comes from a basic knowledge that all living creatures shall be dead eventually. This condition is considered the most
powerful one. According to Lang 2004, a recipient defends hisher condition through series of denials.
C. Theoretical Framework
In this study, the relation of psychology and literature, theory of character, theory of characterization, id, ego, superego; and theory of symbol are used to answer
the problem formulation. Theory of character, theory of characterization and theory of unreliable narrator are applied in this study to elaborate the
narrator’s presentation in this short story. The point of view, later on, used to examine the way the stories
told. This study uses the narrator’s point of view and quotations. From there by
using theory of symbol, symbols that considered important for the analysis is elaborated and explained with series of the narrator’s quotations as proof. After the
elaboration of symbols the dynamic of the narrator’s unconscious mind is explained by using id, ego, and superego theory.
