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III. RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter discusses the methods of research used in this study, that is research design, population and sample, data collecting technique, research procedures, criteria
of good test, scoring system, and data analysis.
3.1 Research Design
This research is quantitative carried out by using One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The research investigates whether there is any significant increase after students’
reading comprehension ability of short functional text or not.
The design can be presented as follows: T1
X T2
T1 : Pretest
T2 : Posttest
X : Treatment by using questioning technique
Hatch and Farhady,1982: 20
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3.2 Population and Sample
The population of this research at the second grade students of junior high school SMPN 2 NATAR. There are six classes of the second grade and all classes consist
of 167 students. Among those classes, the researcher took one class as the sample of research. The class is chosen randomly by using lottery.
3.3 Data Collecting Technique
To collect the data the researcher used the following techniques:
Try out
The try out test was administered to determine the quality of the data collecting instrument of the research, there are reliability, validity, level of difficulty, and
discrimination power. Students were given 50 items of multiple choices test in 90 minutes.
Statistical formula namely Spearmen Brown’s Prophecy Formula was used to find out the reliability of the test. If the reliability test reaches 0.50 the researcher
considered that it has been reliable. The result of the reliability found through this research was 0.98 . According to the criteria of the reliability proposed by Hatch and
Farhady 1982: 268, the test has high reliability in the range 0.90-1.00. It indicated that the instrument of this research was reliable and good.
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The data was analyzed by computing the level of difficulty and discrimination power
of the score. From the computation of level difficulty, it was found out that the items
were 5 items which were less than 0.30; it means that the items were difficult. There were 14 items which were higher than 0.70, it means that the items were easy and 31
items were satisfactory 0.30-0.70. From the computation of discrimination power the researcher got that there were 4 bad items has negative value in discrimination,
13 items were poor has less than 2.00 index, 2 item had no discrimination the value is zero and 30 items were satisfactory has higher than 2.00 index. After analyzing
the data, the researcher got 24 items were good, 11 items should be revised, and 10 items were bad and should be dropped.
Based on the result of the try out test, the researcher took 40 items were administered in pre test and post test. The numbers of items and arrangement of the text in pre test
were changed randomly in order to use the items in post test.
Pretest
Pretest is used to find out how far the competence of the students’ basic ability in reading comprehension. In pretest, the students were instructed to answer multiple
choice questions about short functional text. Their scores in the pretest were used to see the students’ knowledge in comprehending short functional text.
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