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F. Definition of Terms
In order to avoid misunderstanding about the term of this research, the writer would like to define some terms. The definition of terms will be presented
as follows:
1. Conversation Gambits
In this study, gambits means expressions that are used to start a discussion, respond to a question or statement, and link the topic. These expressions are used
to be introductory phrase that ease the learners to state their idea. Referring to Keller and Warner 2002 who say that “a gambit is a word or phrase which helps
us to express what we are trying to say”. It can be used to introduce a topic of conversation, to respond one’s opinion, and to link a topic. The examples of the
conversation gambits are ‘we think that …’, ‘we believe that …’ , ‘firstsecond …’, and ‘the problem is …’. In short, gambits refer to the expressions which are
used to ease the speakers maintain their speeches to communicate with others in day-to-day communication.
2. Debate
According to Richards and Renandya 2005, debate is an opinion sharing activity in which the learners compare values, opinion, and beliefs in a certain
motion. Moreover, debate also means a social interaction between two groups of people who discuss certain topic. In this case, debate is not a way to reach an
agreement but it is a way to state opinions about the topic and stand up on their arguments Harvey-Smith, 2011. Also, debate is one of activities
in PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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Communicative Language Teaching CLT in which the learners can develop their communicative competence by using the target language to communicate
with others Richard and Rodgers, 2001. In this study, debate is a means to share opinion in which the speakers can speak up their thought about certain motion and
produce speeches where there are arguments and rebuttals to deliver. Moreover, it is not an activity to reach an agreement on a certain motion. In short, debate is a
speaking activity that requires critical thinking and ability to deliver arguments naturally and contextually.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
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