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believe that…”, and “the point is …”. Moreover, the speakers also use gambits such as “first second third …” to point out their ideas through numeration. Those
are few examples on how gambits are used in the debate. In doing the research, the writer observed a debate using Asian
Parliamentary Debate style since this debate style is mostly used in debate activities in Indonesia. As the writer has stated before that Asian Parliamentary
Debate style has three speakers in one team. Also, the speakers have different role and time to have a speech. These differences give a bigger possibility of the
occurrence of the gambits in the speakers’ speeches.
B. Theoretical Framework
In this research, there are two research problems. They are 1 Which conversation gambits do the JOVED participants use in English debate activities?
and 2 What are the functions of the gambits used by JOVED participants in English debate activities? In answering these two research problems, the writer
uses the theory from Keller and Warner 2002 about conversation gambits and Keller 1979 about gambits’ functions.
The theory of conversation gambits by Keller and Warner 2002 will help the writer in identifying the conversation gambits used by the participants in
English debate activities. It will be used to identify the occurrence of conversation gambits in the debate activities. This is aimed to answer the first formulated
problem. After identifying the used conversation gambits, the writer uses the theory of conversation gambits function by Keller 1979 to indentify the gambits’
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functions occurred in the utterance. This step is to answer the second research problem. The theory about debate is used to help the writer understand the flow of
debate and the role of each speaker in the debate team. It also helps the writer to indentify the functions of gambits by seeing their role in the debate.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the writer presents the methodology in conducting the research. The methodology covers research method, research setting, research
participants, instruments and data gathering technique, data analysis technique, and research procedures.
A. Research Method
The research was conducted in order to identify the gambits that were used by the debaters in English Debate competitions and to analyze the functions of the
gambits that were used in their speeches. It was a qualitative research because it studied about a phenomenon that happened in the natural settings such as in social
activity: English debate competitions. This study also used human as instrument to emphasize the unique role of
the writer and participants in the research. In this study, the writer was also a human instrument that played a role as an observer and an audience. Moreover,
the writer was the instrument maker of, for instance, interview guidelines, to gain information related to the study.
Moreover, the data gathered in this research was in a form of debate activities recordings that contained speeches. It was in argumentative form.
Hence, it was not statistical or numerical data. Furthermore, the data was analyzed PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
