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researcher provides some theories about the definition and categories of misbehavior.
a. Definition
Misbehavior, according to Sun and Shek 2012, is “externalizing behaviors that violate explicit rules or implicit norms, disturb the classroom order, and irritate
the process of teaching and learning in this study” p. 2. Therefore, students’ misbehavior will hinder the teaching and learning processes in the whole classroom.
This is a critical issue as Kulinna 2007 states that “student misbehavior is a threat
to class order and is therefore of great importance to unde rstand” p. 21. If students’
misbehavior is neglected, it will spread to other students. As a consequence, its impact will be significant to the effectiveness of teaching and learning processes.
There are several reasons for students to misbehave. Those reasons are: 1 they
want their teacher’s attention, 2 they hate the classroom rules, 3 they want to express themselves, andor 4 they are ignorant Richmond, Wrench, and
Gorham, 2001. Those are the internal factors of why the students do misbehaviors. Nonetheless, the causes for the students to misbehave are not only from internal
factors but also from external factors like the teacher’s misbehavior itself Boice, 1996. The t
eacher is the ‘ruler’ in the classroom and therefore the sole role model for the students to follow. It will be a natural occurrence for the students to
misbehave if the teacher gives bad example.
b. Categories of misbehavior
According to Sun and Shek 2012, there are 17 categories of misbehavior in which six of them have their own subcategory p. 3-4. Those categories are
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formed from the responses of eighty-eight teachers. In these categories and subcategories, the misbehaviors are either disruptive to the individual’s learning
process or to the classroom’s learning process.
Table 2.1 Categories of Misbehaviors by Sun and Shek 2012, p. 4 Category
Subcategory
Doing something in private Dealing with personal stuff
Doing homework Using electronic device for texting, playing games,
surfing webpage, listening to music Irrelevant reading
Irrelevant drawing Talking out of turn
Calling out Making remarks
Having disruptive conversation Verbal aggression
Teasing classmates Attacking classmates
Quarrelling with classmates Speaking foul language
Disrespecting teachers DisobedienceRefusing to carry out instructions
RudenessTalking back, arguing with teacher Non-attentivenessDaydreamingIdleness
Sleeping Out of seat
Changing seats Wandering around the classroom
Catching Running away from the classroom
Habitual failure in submitting assignments
Physical aggression Striking classmates
Pushing classmates Destroying things
Copying homework Non-verbal communication
Via body language, facial expressions, papers Clowning
Playing Lateness to class
EatingDrinking Have not yet prepared textbook well
Passive engagement in class
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In this research, however, the researcher edited those list of misbehaviors to fit with today’s teaching and learning processes. Some of the categories were also
combined with the other equivalent category to make the list efficient. This is the edited list that was used in this research.
Table 2.2 Modified Categories of Misbehaviors by Sun and Shek 2012, p. 4
Categories Subcategory
Doing something in private Doing homework
Using electronic device Irrelevant reading
Irrelevant drawing Talking out of turn
Making remarks Having disruptive conversation
Verbal aggression Teasing and attacking classmates
Quarrelling with classmates Speaking foul language
Disrespecting teachers DisobedienceRefusing to carry out
instructions RudenessTalking back, arguing with
teacher
Sleeping Out of seat
Changing seats Wandering around the classroom
Running away from the classroom Habitual failure in submitting
assignments Physical aggression
Striking classmates Pushing classmates
Copying homework Cheating
Non-verbal communication Via body language, facial expressions,
papers Clowning
Playing Lateness to class
Have not yet prepared textbook well
Passive engagement in class
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2. Classroom Management