Definition Categories of misbehavior

8 researcher provides some theories about the definition and categories of misbehavior.

a. Definition

Misbehavior, according to Sun and Shek 2012, is “externalizing behaviors that violate explicit rules or implicit norms, disturb the classroom order, and irritate the process of teaching and learning in this study” p. 2. Therefore, students’ misbehavior will hinder the teaching and learning processes in the whole classroom. This is a critical issue as Kulinna 2007 states that “student misbehavior is a threat to class order and is therefore of great importance to unde rstand” p. 21. If students’ misbehavior is neglected, it will spread to other students. As a consequence, its impact will be significant to the effectiveness of teaching and learning processes. There are several reasons for students to misbehave. Those reasons are: 1 they want their teacher’s attention, 2 they hate the classroom rules, 3 they want to express themselves, andor 4 they are ignorant Richmond, Wrench, and Gorham, 2001. Those are the internal factors of why the students do misbehaviors. Nonetheless, the causes for the students to misbehave are not only from internal factors but also from external factors like the teacher’s misbehavior itself Boice, 1996. The t eacher is the ‘ruler’ in the classroom and therefore the sole role model for the students to follow. It will be a natural occurrence for the students to misbehave if the teacher gives bad example.

b. Categories of misbehavior

According to Sun and Shek 2012, there are 17 categories of misbehavior in which six of them have their own subcategory p. 3-4. Those categories are 9 formed from the responses of eighty-eight teachers. In these categories and subcategories, the misbehaviors are either disruptive to the individual’s learning process or to the classroom’s learning process. Table 2.1 Categories of Misbehaviors by Sun and Shek 2012, p. 4 Category Subcategory Doing something in private Dealing with personal stuff Doing homework Using electronic device for texting, playing games, surfing webpage, listening to music Irrelevant reading Irrelevant drawing Talking out of turn Calling out Making remarks Having disruptive conversation Verbal aggression Teasing classmates Attacking classmates Quarrelling with classmates Speaking foul language Disrespecting teachers DisobedienceRefusing to carry out instructions RudenessTalking back, arguing with teacher Non-attentivenessDaydreamingIdleness Sleeping Out of seat Changing seats Wandering around the classroom Catching Running away from the classroom Habitual failure in submitting assignments Physical aggression Striking classmates Pushing classmates Destroying things Copying homework Non-verbal communication Via body language, facial expressions, papers Clowning Playing Lateness to class EatingDrinking Have not yet prepared textbook well Passive engagement in class 10 In this research, however, the researcher edited those list of misbehaviors to fit with today’s teaching and learning processes. Some of the categories were also combined with the other equivalent category to make the list efficient. This is the edited list that was used in this research. Table 2.2 Modified Categories of Misbehaviors by Sun and Shek 2012, p. 4 Categories Subcategory Doing something in private Doing homework Using electronic device Irrelevant reading Irrelevant drawing Talking out of turn Making remarks Having disruptive conversation Verbal aggression Teasing and attacking classmates Quarrelling with classmates Speaking foul language Disrespecting teachers DisobedienceRefusing to carry out instructions RudenessTalking back, arguing with teacher Sleeping Out of seat Changing seats Wandering around the classroom Running away from the classroom Habitual failure in submitting assignments Physical aggression Striking classmates Pushing classmates Copying homework Cheating Non-verbal communication Via body language, facial expressions, papers Clowning Playing Lateness to class Have not yet prepared textbook well Passive engagement in class 11

2. Classroom Management