unconscious repressed ideas of the characters or situations through reading the symptoms and any other signs shown by them.
The third one is the theory of subject presented by Lacan. The first sub- point in the explanation of this theory is functioned to recognize the process that
the characters in the story as a ‘subject’ in Lacan’s term lead. Afterwards, the theory of Other is used to identify the parts of school system which make
limitation and repression. The theory of desire and symptom is closely related to the theory of
repression. These theories are the means to analyze whether the examples of cases taken in the analysis are truly a repression or not. In each case, the characters
involved show some symptoms. These symptoms are figured out. Besides the symptoms, the desire of the characters is also identified. A repression is
recognized when there is a limitation and pressure given to the desire. Then, it is proven by the existence of the forms of “the return of the repressed” where
symptom is one of them.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
A. Object of the Study
This research is done on a fiction novel written by James Joyce titled A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Before being published in the form of
book, this story was published in The Egoist during 1914 – 1915 as a serial. The very first version of the book was published in 1916 in United States. Afterwards,
the first British edition was published in 1917 in Ireland. The book which is used in this research is the edition that is published by Wordsworth Editions Limited in
1992. This work is divided into five chapters with pages of the notes of the text which are more like appendix to help the readers in understanding the book by
giving some additional background information outside the text about the terms used in the novel.
This work is Joyce’s first debut which is considered as one of the three greatest novels he had ever written out of Ullyses and Dubliners. This novel had
been once adapted into a film by Judith Rascoe and directed by Joseph Strick in 1977.
James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man mostly talks about a boy named Stephen Dedalus and his school life. He came from a Catholic Ireland
family. He was sent to a boarding school called Clongowes School. Stephen faces
many problems in the early period of school. He got homesick very often. He had only few friends.
Clongowes School was very strict in its discipline. No students were allowed neither to make mistake nor to break the rules. When there was any, the
students would be punished by the prefect of the school. Stephen had also had the experiences of being punished even though he had not broken any rules.
Therefore, Stephen was a very quiet student who never protested. In a school break after some years passed in Clongowes, Stephen came
back home for a holiday. He found that his family was having a financial problem that finally forced him to stop schooling in Clongowes. He could not go back to
that school. Stephen was moved by his father to another cheaper school called Belvedere.
Stephen experienced some new things. He made his first sexual intercourse with a prostitute. He experienced the time when he paid not of any
attention to his religious life. He met more prostitutes as ignoring his religion values. In the end, Stephen felt very guilty. He was very sorry for what he had
done and finally he decided to be more concerned with his Christian values. Stephen continued to study in a university. In this period of school,
Stephen started to discuss deeply and extrovertly his ideological and political point of view with his fellows. Another significant change that happened in this
stage was that he set himself free from many limitation and pressure he was previously under. Religion, which once he had left and then he came back after,
