24 sentence. The following step, the errors found can give enough explanation about
learner language. Error Analysis is proposed in several following steps which have been
explained in the previous chapter. Some requirements are also provided such as the samples as clinical elicited samples which are needed to research in SLA.
B. Research Setting
Before examining the sample data, the researcher had to ask permission to Badan Pembangunan Daerah
BAPPEDA Bantul, Yogyakarta as one of the departments of Bantul region government. The permission was given for three
months May-August 2016, and then expanded to November 2016. By such permission, the researcher was allowed to analyse the documents as the subject of
research. The documents were 7 chosen short stories as learner language samples. All participants were 26 twenty six students of XI IPS 3, SMA Negeri 1
Banguntapan, Bantul. Those samples were analysed during May-September 2016.
C. Research Participant and Document
This research deals with document analysis which was produced by 26 students of XI IPS 3, one of second grade parallel classes in SMA Negeri 1
Banguntapan. The documents were taken from the students while the researcher conducted an Internship Program at the school. At that time, the researcher asked
the students to create a short story in pairs as a final assessment. There were 16 sixteen writing products.
25 From 16 writing products, only 7 seven were done successfully and
called as finished short stories. The researcher decided to choose 7 short stories and then, it became the sample data of this research. Thus, the 7 short stories
represented the class‟ language achievement. The rest i.e. 9 nine short stories failed because the stories had not been finished yet or written in Indonesia draft.
D. Instruments and Data Gathering Technique
An instrument is a device the researcher uses to collect data Fraenkel, Wallen, Hyun, 2015, p. 112. There are some types of instruments which are
used in this research. They are performance tests, reconstruction of sample data, a tally sheet and tools.
1. Performance tests
A performance test is an individual‟s performance on a particular task
Fraenkel et al, 2015. P. 131. In this research, performance tests were involved as a main instrument. The performance tests were students‟ short stories to discover
students‟ difficulties in writing skills. There were 7 short stories which the researcher analysed.
2. Reconstructions of sample data
According to Ellis and Barkhuizen 2005, a reconstruction of sample data serves to identify the error p. 59. In this research, reconstructions of sample data
were one of instruments. Through the reconstructed version, the researcher identified which the participants‟ utterance contained errors. In the process of
reconstruction, firstly the researcher tried to reconstruct each of the samples. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
