between past and future is very close. When someone enter a samadhi, the distance of past and furture becomes very thin. When the past and future cannot
be separated, there is no more time. Time is sublimed. The time as a concept is ephemeral.
Year in the first line is the metaphor of the ephemeral of time, the time of human being, and the time of cherry trees. Since the cherry trees are alive it can
be dead. It is called existence when it is in the cycle of life and death. The cherry trees are the metaphor of the existence.
2. Implied Metaphors in Basho’s haiku
According to X.J Kennedy and Dana Gioia implied metaphor is metaphor
that uses neither a connective nor the verb to be. They uses Shelley’s Adonais to explain implied metaphor, in the first line Shelley wrote Life, like a dome of
many-colored glass, and in the second line Shelley wrote Stains the white radiance of Eternity. In the second line it is assumed that Eternity is light or
radiance 2002: 122. Basho uses implied metaphor in stormy sea poem and cicada
’s cry.
2.1 Implied Metaphors in the Basho’s stormy sea poem
The metaphorical river that is implied in the heaven rivers, refers to Aurora that usually can be seen along the northern to the western shore of Japan at
autumn. Aurora is in the sky. The h eaven’s river in third line of the poem is the
metaphor for the Aurora.
Stormy sea is the metaphor for the mind, the human mind that always changes, human that only lives on the earth. Basho compared the Aurora in the
sky and stormy sea is in the earth. This poem also conveys changing and the unstable nature, that always changes. Basho used nature metaphor for the changes,
and implicit metaphors for the heaven’s river as the aurora.
2.2 Implied
Metaphors in the Basho’s poem of the cicada’s cry
He considered the unseen cicada ontologically as the metaphor of the appearance of unseen existence. He was meditating the sound as the existence. He
listened to the cicada’s sound, and concentrate his mind to the sound, that The poem was about the meditation about existence that cannot be separated from
time. Since there is existence there is time. The sound as the sign is the metaphor for the time; since the existence is live, the sign is the sign of life. While Basho
was drowned in his meditation, sudde nly he heard cicada’s cry.
Basho uses metaphors of nature and implied metaphors that means Basho uses patterns in his haiku. The patterns that Basho used are significant. The
significance of nature in Basho’s haiku is in the places and seasons. The pattern in its imagery and metaphors are nature, places, and pictures of
changing seasons. Basho’s haiku capture the intensity of event. This nature image
and the changing seasons i s a character of Basho’s haiku.
According to X.J Kennedy and Dana Gioia Japanese haiku tend to be seasonal in subject, but because they are so highly compressed, they usually just
using indication of a season.
